Epoxy-based nanocomposites for electrical energy storage. II: Nanocomposites with nanofillers of reactive montmorillonite covalently-bonded with barium titanate

Barium titanate (BT) and montmorillonite (MMT) nanoparticles were covalently-bonded by organically modifying the particle surfaces and chemically reacting them in solution. These integrated two-material hybrid inorganic nanofillers were subsequently dispersed in epoxy resin and nanocomposites were obtained at several weight fractions. The inorganic component consisted of well dispersed BT spherical nanoparticles that are surrounded by attached layered MMT nanoplatelets, with the latter having the ability to react with the epoxy matrix. The thermodynamic properties of the glass transition process, the macroscopic mechanical properties of the nanocomposites, and the dynamics of the polymer segments at the inorganic interfaces, all indicate that this filler configuration enhances the polymer-ceramic interfaces. Polarization as a function of electric field and dielectric breakdown show improvements in the electrical properties of these composites, compared to the corresponding unfilled epoxy, despite the expected reduction in crosslinking density. The resulting nanocomposites have a property set which can be utilized in energy storage and power system applications.