ESCA STUDIES OF METAL AND METAL ELECTRODE SURFACES.

The XPS technique is discussed as a tool for analyzing the surface of metals and anodized metal electrodes. The binding energies are presented for a variety of metal-oxygen systems including Pb, Pt, Pd, Ni, Mo, Ru, and Cu. In addition, the thickness of a surface film of Pd metal produced by Ar** plus ion bombardment of a PdO substrate was quantitatively examined with the escape depth of 1000 eV electrons through PdO calculated at nearly 12 A. Various electrode materials were examined as a function of the applied electrode potential. Preliminary results are given indicating the oxidized Ni electrode consisting of Ni(OH)//2 and/or Ni//2O//3 and a trace of NiO.