@article{4d3fc2966679475abd15b70a457432c6,
title = "Ethics in biological anthropology",
author = "Turner, \{Trudy R.\} and Wagner, \{Jennifer K.\} and Cabana, \{Graciela S.\}",
note = "Funding Information: For the past dozen years, the National Science Foundation (among many other organizations and foundations) has required that all grantees have a data management plan before any grant is awarded. The plan must detail how primary data will be made available to the research community as well as how research results will be communicated to relevant publics. The NIH has long sponsored an online data repository, GenBank, where sequence data are placed prior to publication. Funding agencies also require clearance from IACUC or IRBs before funds are released. Scientific journals now require that manuscript authors indicate that primary data used are, in fact, accessible. Several journals also mandate that a statement that IACUC or IRB permissions to do the research have been obtained. Governments of countries with indigenous nonhuman primate populations may mandate a negotiated Memorandum of Agreement, Association, or Understanding between parties before work can begin. There may also be negotiated Material Transfer Agreements for samples or other relevant heritage items. There has clearly been movement to have more formalized, legal documents to protect the rights of the host country. Funding Information: We are grateful to Peter Ellison and the former AJPA editors for the opportunity to contribute to the Centennial edition and are indebted to Em{\H o}ke Szathm{\'a}ry for her comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Suggestions of two anonymous reviewers were also very helpful. We also thank Linda Wolfe for sharing her memories about writing the Code of Ethics. Preparation of this article was supported in part by Grant No. K99HG006446 and R00HG006446 awarded to JKW from the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI). The content of this article is solely the authors{\textquoteright} responsibility and might not represent the official views of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA, 2017), the NHGRI, or the institutions with which the authors are affiliated. Funding Information: One of the most important programs for the study of human population variation in biological anthropology was the International Biological Program (IBP), which was under the direction of the International Council of Scientific Unions and was facilitated in the U.S. by the National Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council. The IBP ran from 1964 to 1974. Particularly important for biological anthropologists was a subcommittee of the IBP, the Human Adaptability Section (IBP/HA). One of the goals of the IBP/HA was to apply the same measurement tools and techniques to a wide array of populations, thus allowing for comparable data for the study of human variation. Anthropologists studied populations in Kenya, Western Samoa, the Andes, the Solomon Islands, Brazil, Tibet and the Arctic, among other places (e.g. Baker, 1978; Beall, Baker, Baker, \& Haas, 1977; Friedlaender, 1975; Little, Galvin, \& Mugambi, 1983; McGarvey \& Baker, 1979; Szathmary, 1981).",
year = "2018",
month = apr,
doi = "10.1002/ajpa.23367",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "165",
pages = "939--951",
journal = "American Journal of Physical Anthropology",
issn = "0002-9483",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Inc.",
number = "4",
}