TY - JOUR
T1 - Evidence for a nitrous acid (HONO) reservoir at the ground surface in Bakersfield, CA, during CalNex 2010
AU - van den Boer, T. C.
AU - Markovic, M. Z.
AU - Sanders, J. E.
AU - Ren, X.
AU - Pusede, S. E.
AU - Browne, E. C.
AU - Cohen, R. C.
AU - Zhan, L.
AU - Thomas, J.
AU - Brune, W. H.
AU - Murphy, J. G.
N1 - Funding Information:
Site infrastructure was financially supported by the California Air Resources Board (contract 08-316 to University of California Berkeley, PIs R. Cohen and A.H. Goldstein) and the CalNex campaign coordinators. We thank John Karlik, University of California Agricultural Cooperative Extension Staff, and Kern County Staff, for the logistical support in Bakersfield during the CalNex-SJV study. We thank R. Weber (UC Berkeley) for providing the wind, temperature, and humidity data. Data presented in this manuscript may be requested by contacting the corresponding author. X. Ren was partially supported by the National Science Foundation (AGS-0914619). Financial support for the AIM-IC was provided by the Canada Foundation for Innovation. M.Z. Markovic would like to acknowledge Centre for Global Change Science at the University of Toronto for the funding to participate in CalNex-SJV. T.C. VandenBoer acknowledges funding from an NSERC-Canada Graduate Scholarship and the University of Toronto, Department of Chemistry Special Opportunity Travel Grant to participate in CalNex-SJV.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2014/7/27
Y1 - 2014/7/27
N2 - Measurements of HONO(g) and particulate nitrite (NO2 (p)) were made with a modified Ambient Ion Monitor–Ion Chromatography (AIM-IC) instrument during California at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate 2010 in Bakersfield, CA (CalNex-San Joaquin Valley (SJV)). Observations of gas and particulate matter (PM2.5) water-soluble composition showed accumulation of both species at night, followed by loss the next day. Intercomparison with a Stripping Coil-UV/Vis Absorption Photometer (SC-AP) demonstrated excellent agreement with the AIM-IC HONO(g) measurement (slope = 0.957, R2 = 0.86), and the particulate nitrite observations were validated to be free of known interferences for wet chemical instrumentation. The accumulation of nitrite into particulate matter was found to be enhanced when gaseous mixing ratios of HONO(g) were highest. Reactive uptake of HONO(g) on to lofted dust and the ground surface, forming a reservoir, is a potential mechanism to explain these observations. The AIM-IC HONO(g) measurements were parameterized in a chemical model to calculate the ground surface daytime HONO(g) source strength at 4.5 m above the surface, found to be on the order of 1.27 ppb h1, to determine the relative importance of a surface reservoir. If all deposited nighttime HONO(g) is reemitted the following day, up to 30% of the daytime HONO(g) source at CalNex-SJV may be accounted for. The observations of HONO(g) and NO2 (p) in Bakersfield, during CalNex, suggest a surface sink and source of HONO(g). Extension of currently accepted unknown daytime HONO(g) source reactions to include a potential surface HONO(g) reservoir should therefore be sound, but quantitation of the relative contributions of each surface source toward daytime HONO(g) production remains to be resolved.
AB - Measurements of HONO(g) and particulate nitrite (NO2 (p)) were made with a modified Ambient Ion Monitor–Ion Chromatography (AIM-IC) instrument during California at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate 2010 in Bakersfield, CA (CalNex-San Joaquin Valley (SJV)). Observations of gas and particulate matter (PM2.5) water-soluble composition showed accumulation of both species at night, followed by loss the next day. Intercomparison with a Stripping Coil-UV/Vis Absorption Photometer (SC-AP) demonstrated excellent agreement with the AIM-IC HONO(g) measurement (slope = 0.957, R2 = 0.86), and the particulate nitrite observations were validated to be free of known interferences for wet chemical instrumentation. The accumulation of nitrite into particulate matter was found to be enhanced when gaseous mixing ratios of HONO(g) were highest. Reactive uptake of HONO(g) on to lofted dust and the ground surface, forming a reservoir, is a potential mechanism to explain these observations. The AIM-IC HONO(g) measurements were parameterized in a chemical model to calculate the ground surface daytime HONO(g) source strength at 4.5 m above the surface, found to be on the order of 1.27 ppb h1, to determine the relative importance of a surface reservoir. If all deposited nighttime HONO(g) is reemitted the following day, up to 30% of the daytime HONO(g) source at CalNex-SJV may be accounted for. The observations of HONO(g) and NO2 (p) in Bakersfield, during CalNex, suggest a surface sink and source of HONO(g). Extension of currently accepted unknown daytime HONO(g) source reactions to include a potential surface HONO(g) reservoir should therefore be sound, but quantitation of the relative contributions of each surface source toward daytime HONO(g) production remains to be resolved.
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U2 - 10.1002/2013JD020971
DO - 10.1002/2013JD020971
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84918586392
SN - 0148-0227
VL - 119
SP - 9093
EP - 9106
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research
IS - 14
ER -