Evidence for extensive pleiotropy among pharmacogenes

Aim: We sought to identify potential pleiotropy involving pharmacogenes. Methods: We tested 184 functional variants in 34 pharmacogenes for associations using a custom grouping of International Classification and Disease, Ninth Revision billing codes extracted from deidentified electronic health records of 6892 patients. Results: We replicated several associations including ABCG2 (rs2231142) and gout (p = 1.73 × 10^-7; odds ratio [OR]: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.40-2.12); and SLCO1B1 (rs4149056) and jaundice (p = 2.50 × 10^-4; OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.27-2.20). Conclusion: In this systematic screen for phenotypic associations with functional variants, several novel genotype-phenotype combinations also achieved phenome-wide significance, including SLC15A2 rs1143672 and renal osteodystrophy (p = 2.67 × 10^{- 6}; OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.49-0.75).