TY - JOUR
T1 - Examining the role of nucleating agents within glass-ceramic systems
AU - DeCeanne, Anthony V.
AU - Rodrigues, Lorena R.
AU - Wilkinson, Collin J.
AU - Mauro, John C.
AU - Zanotto, Edgar D.
N1 - Funding Information:
The Pennsylvania State authors would like to thank Ivoclar Vivadent AG for funding in support of this research. The authors would like to thank Marc Dittmer, Christian Ritzberger, and Markus Rampf for the wonderful and insightful discussions related to this work. EDZ and LRR are grateful to CNPq and the São Paulo Research Foundation, Fapesp CEPID grant # 2013/00793-6 for generous funding.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2022/9/1
Y1 - 2022/9/1
N2 - Nucleation is one of the primary contributions to the microstructure of glass-ceramics. However, the nucleation process within glass-ceramics is not understood across all glass systems, nor is the specific role of nucleating agents. The present article proposes a comprehensive definition of a nucleating agent: “a nucleating agent is a minority component of the glass composition that leads to increased internal nucleation rates or precipitation and control of desired crystal phases, either by lowering the thermodynamic or the kinetic barrier for nucleation, or some combination thereof”. We also examine the role that five important nucleating agents (TiO2, ZrO2, MoO3, P2O5, and OH−) play in different systems, particularly in their effect on the thermodynamics and kinetics of the nucleation process. We argue that nucleating agents help control the nucleation process either by decreasing the thermodynamic or kinetic barrier or some combination of the two and provide a method to distinguish their effect.
AB - Nucleation is one of the primary contributions to the microstructure of glass-ceramics. However, the nucleation process within glass-ceramics is not understood across all glass systems, nor is the specific role of nucleating agents. The present article proposes a comprehensive definition of a nucleating agent: “a nucleating agent is a minority component of the glass composition that leads to increased internal nucleation rates or precipitation and control of desired crystal phases, either by lowering the thermodynamic or the kinetic barrier for nucleation, or some combination thereof”. We also examine the role that five important nucleating agents (TiO2, ZrO2, MoO3, P2O5, and OH−) play in different systems, particularly in their effect on the thermodynamics and kinetics of the nucleation process. We argue that nucleating agents help control the nucleation process either by decreasing the thermodynamic or kinetic barrier or some combination of the two and provide a method to distinguish their effect.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2022.121714
DO - 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2022.121714
M3 - Comment/debate
AN - SCOPUS:85131357873
SN - 0022-3093
VL - 591
JO - Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
JF - Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
M1 - 121714
ER -