Exercise Oncology: The Role of Exercise across the Cancer Control Continuum

Physical activity is a healthy lifestyle behavior that is important to prevent chronic diseases. This chapter first provides an overview of the global cancer burden in adults and older adults, and in children, adolescents, and young adults. Then, it presents the key role of physical activity at different levels of cancer prevention (primary, secondary, and tertiary) regardless of age. Considering the most recent discoveries in exercise oncology, a section has been dedicated to physical activity guidelines and practice before and after a cancer diagnosis. It refers to the most recent expert consensus, in addition to highlighting the role of clinicians in triage, referral, and recommendations, as well as cost and healthcare outcomes. The chapter reviews behavioral science regarding physical activity behavior changes, clarifying how clinical teams might support patients with cancer and survivors to overcome their barriers to physical activity and help them take control of their health. Finally, health equity and physical activity are discussed, along with the opportunities and future exercise oncology challenges that clinicians and researchers should consider. This chapter is an opportunity for everyone who wants to educate themselves on the importance of exercise oncology and the role of exercise across the cancer control continuum.