@article{dc37b3dcf2164a578b5261614b711e1a,
title = "Exploratory cartographic visualization advancing the agenda",
abstract = "An approach to the visualization of georeferenced data is presented. This approach is rooted in cartography and emphasizes the use of visual methods in research and decision making. Several definitions proposed within cartography are considered and the links between 'cartographic' visualization and scientific visualization more generally are discussed. From this base, a perspective on visualization is articulated in which attention is directed to the goals for use of maps and related georeferenced displays. We argue that a use-based approach is needed in order to develope information processing environments appropriate to distinct stages of scientific research and decision making. The paper concludes by proposing a set of research problems that are prompted by taking a use-based approach to visualization, and then outlining the selection and context of the papers in this special issue.",
author = "Maceachren, {A. M.} and Kraak, {M. J.}",
note = "Funding Information: Use of the term visualization in the cartographic literaturec an be traced back at least four decades (Philbrick, 1953).I t was the 1987p ublication of a report by the U.S. National Science Foundation, however, that establisheda new meaning for this term in the context of scientific research (McCormick, Defanti, and Brown, 1987). The report,p roducedb y a committeec ontaining no cartographers,e mphasizedt he role of computer display technologyi n prompting mental visualization - and subsequenti nsight. Scientific visualization has, thus, been defined as the use of sophisticated computingt echnologyt o createv isual displays,t he goal of which is to facilitate thinking and problem solving. Emphasisi s not on storing knowledgeb ut on knowledge construction. In relation to the spatial information processingg oals for maps delineated by Rimbert (1993), “spatial analysis” and “spatial simulation” could be consideredp rototypi-cal componentso f scientificv isualization.R imbert{\textquoteright}s “travel guide”, “spatial inventory,” and “secondary information source” goals, in contrast, would be considered( at leastb y somer esearcherisn scientific visualization) to be ancillary to the visualization process-although they may benefit from information processinga nd display methodsd eveloped to supportt he core visualizationg oals. Following publication of the McCormick report on visualizationi n scientificc omputing,s everalc ar-tographerst ook up the challengeo f trying to grapple with the cartographici mplications of this new (or renewed)r eliance on visual representationin science.D iBiase (1990)b orrowedf rom the exploratory data analysis (EDA) literatureo f statisticst o propose a graphic model of stagesi n map-based scientificv isualizationa pplied to the earth sciences. The model presentedv isualization as a four-stage process consisting of two private visual thinking stages( explorationa nd confirmation)a nd two public visual communications tages( synthesisa nd presentation).A n intent of the model was to encourage cartographerst o direct attention to the role of maps at the early (private) stages of scientific researchw herem aps and map-basedt ools are used to facilitate data sifting and exploration of extremely large data sets.",
year = "1997",
doi = "10.1016/S0098-3004(97)00018-6",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "23",
pages = "335--343",
journal = "Computers and Geosciences",
issn = "0098-3004",
publisher = "Elsevier Ltd",
number = "4",
}