Exploring the z = 3-4 massive galaxy population with ZFOURGE: The prevalence of dusty and quiescent galaxies

Lee R. Spitler, Caroline M.S. Straatman, Ivo Labbé, Karl Glazebrook, Kim Vy H. Tran, Glenn G. Kacprzak, Ryan F. Quadri, Casey Papovich, S. Eric Persson, Pieter Van Dokkum, Rebecca Allen, Lalitwadee Kawinwanichakij, Daniel D. Kelson, Patrick J. McCarthy, Nicola Mehrtens, Andrew J. Monson, Themiya Nanayakkara, Glen Rees, Vithal Tilvi, Adam R. Tomczak

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

83 Scopus citations

Abstract

Our understanding of the redshift z > 3 galaxy population relies largely on samples selected using the popular "dropout" technique, typically consisting of UV-bright galaxies with blue colors and prominent Lyman breaks. As it is currently unknown if these galaxies are representative of the massive galaxy population, we here use the FOURSTAR Galaxy Evolution (ZFOURGE) survey to create a stellar mass-limited sample at z = 3-4. Uniquely, ZFOURGE uses deep near-infrared medium-bandwidth filters to derive accurate photometric redshifts and stellar population properties. The mass-complete sample consists of 57 galaxies with log M >10.6, reaching below M * at z = 3-4. On average, the massive z = 3-4 galaxies are extremely faint in the observed optical with median RtotAB (rest-frame M 1700 = -18.05 ± 0.37). They lie far below the UV luminosity-stellar mass relation for Lyman break galaxies and are about ∼100 × fainter at the same mass. The massive galaxies are red (R-K s AB = 3.9 ± 0.2; rest-frame UV-slope β = -0.2 ± 0.3) likely from dust or old stellar ages. We classify the galaxy spectral energy distributions by their rest-frame U-V and V-J colors and find a diverse population: 46-6-17 +6+10 % of the massive galaxies are quiescent, 40-6-5+6+10 % are dusty star-forming galaxies, and only 14-3-4+3+10 % resemble luminous blue star-forming Lyman break galaxies. This study clearly demonstrates an inherent diversity among massive galaxies at higher redshift than previously known. Furthermore, we uncover a reservoir of dusty star-forming galaxies with 4 × lower specific star-formation rates compared to submillimeter-selected starbursts at z > 3. With 5 × higher numbers, the dusty galaxies may represent a more typical mode of star formation compared to submillimeter-bright starbursts.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article numberL36
JournalAstrophysical Journal Letters
Volume787
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 1 2014

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Astronomy and Astrophysics
  • Space and Planetary Science

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