Exponency in bilingual grammars: Conflict and compromise

This chapter discusses the challenges and unique opportunities associated with determining exponency in bilingual grammars. Considering the abundance of experimental literature that confirms the dual activation of both source grammars throughout the lifespan (see Putnam, Carlson, and Reitter 2018 for an overview of these arguments), formal lexicalization algorithms associated with the syntax–exponency interface must therefore be amenable to these findings. Drawing on patterns of plural allomorphy in Pennsylvania Dutch, a language that has long been in contact with English, this chapter demonstrates how the Nanosyntactic Lexicalization Algorithm can effectively and efficiently model bilingual representations built from an integrated and modular cognitive architecture.