Figurative Language

This entry presents a cognitive linguistic view of figurative language, with a focus on conceptual metaphor theory (CMT), which distinguishes between conceptual and linguistic metaphors. Conceptual metaphors are concepts linked by metaphorical mappings in our conceptual systems whereas linguistic metaphors manifest metaphorical conceptual mappings in our language. Conceptual metaphors also form hierarchical systems, with primary metaphors at a higher, more schematic level and complex metaphors at a lower, more specific level. Complex metaphors may often be decomposed into primary metaphors in combination with literal cultural beliefs. Conceptual metaphors are grounded in both bodily and cultural experiences, and the interaction between body and culture gives rise to specific metaphors in a particular language and culture.