@article{3fe2de4b2e6540179c58f594097605a8,
title = "Finfish and aquatic invertebrate pathology resources for now and the future",
abstract = "Utilization of finfish and aquatic invertebrates in biomedical research and as environmental sentinels has grown dramatically in recent decades. Likewise the aquaculture of finfish and invertebrates has expanded rapidly worldwide as populations of some aquatic food species and threatened or endangered aquatic species have plummeted due to overharvesting or habitat degradation. This increasing intensive culture and use of aquatic species has heightened the importance of maintaining a sophisticated understanding of pathology of various organ systems of these diverse species. Yet, except for selected species long cultivated in aquaculture, pathology databases and the workforce of highly trained pathologists lag behind those available for most laboratory animals and domestic mammalian and avian species. Several factors must change to maximize the use, understanding, and protection of important aquatic species: 1) improvements in databases of abnormalities across species; 2) standardization of diagnostic criteria for proliferative and nonproliferative lesions; and 3) more uniform and rigorous training in aquatic morphologic pathology.",
author = "Spitsbergen, {Jan M.} and Blazer, {Vicki S.} and Bowser, {Paul R.} and Cheng, {Keith C.} and Cooper, {Keith R.} and Cooper, {Timothy K.} and Salvatore Frasca and Groman, {David B.} and Harper, {Claudia M.} and Law, {Jerry M.(Mac)} and Marty, {Gary D.} and Smolowitz, {Roxanna M.} and {St. Leger}, Judy and Wolf, {Douglas C.} and Wolf, {Jeffrey C.}",
note = "Funding Information: A number of federal agencies including the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Science Foundation, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, including its Sea Grant program fund training of Ph.D. and post-doctoral fellows in aquatic animal pathology as part of the funding of research grants. The recently established joint NIH-NSF program to fund research on ecology of human and animal diseases should provide opportunities for training of scientists in aquatic animal pathology. Funding Information: We propose establishing an Aquatic Pathology Center of Expertise (APCE) to facilitate close collaboration between aquatic pathologists working in academia, industry and government. This center will act as a clearinghouse for discussion of controversial lesions in the various organ systems of key aquatic species, archive and disseminate information and high-quality images regarding morphologic diagnosis of lesions, coordinate pathology working groups to establish standardized diagnostic criteria for lesions of major organs and tissues of aquatic species, and aid in information sharing. This center will support educational programs training students in histology, histopathology, and systemic pathology of aquatic animals. In addition to formal residency and graduate programs offering training in aquatic pathology, this APCE will offer pathology residents and qualified graduate students an opportunity to rotate through training programs associated with the center that will offer exposure to a greater variety of case material and expertise than any individual program can provide. Considering the growing recognition of the close association between animal health and human health epitomized by the recent One Health Initiative established by the American Medical Association and the American Veterinary Medical Association ( Cardiff et al., 2008 ), perhaps a cooperative funding program between the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, the U.S. National Institutes of Health, and the National Science Foundation would be appropriate. In Canada, the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Environment Canada, and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency are possible sources of funding for this proposed center. The APCE will be most valuable to all sectors of society if both commercially important and noncommercial aquatic species that act as environmental sentinels are included. The center will act as an archive for the valuable case material from several aquatic pathologists who have retired or plan to retire. Funding Information: We appreciate the administrative support from the Department of Microbiology, host of the Center for Fish Disease Research at Oregon State University. Facilities supporting aquatic pathology activities of J.M.S. include U.S. Public Health Service Grants ES03850 and ES00210 from the National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, RR12546 from the National Center for Research Resources, and the John Fryer Salmon Disease Laboratory at Oregon State University. Development of the web-based atlas of zebrafish anatomy and histology is supported by RR017441 from the National Center for Research Resources, Pennsylvania Tobacco Funds, and the Jake Gittlen Memorial Golf Tournament to K.C.C.",
year = "2009",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.10.002",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "149",
pages = "249--257",
journal = "Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - C Toxicology and Pharmacology",
issn = "1532-0456",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
number = "2",
}