TY - JOUR
T1 - Fitting AGN/Galaxy X-Ray-to-radio SEDs with CIGALE and Improvement of the Code
AU - Yang, Guang
AU - Boquien, Médéric
AU - Brandt, W. N.
AU - Buat, Véronique
AU - Burgarella, Denis
AU - Ciesla, Laure
AU - Lehmer, Bret D.
AU - Małek, Katarzyna
AU - Mountrichas, George
AU - Papovich, Casey
AU - Pons, Estelle
AU - Stalevski, Marko
AU - Theulé, Patrice
AU - Zhu, Shifu
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the referee for helpful feedback that improved this work. We thank Mark Dickinson and Fan Zou for helpful discussions. G.Y. and C.P. acknowledge support from the George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, from the National Science Foundation through grants AST-1614668 and AST-2009442, and from the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope through the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-03127. M.B. acknowledges support by the ANID BASAL project FB21000 and the FONDECYT regular grants 1170618 and 1211000. W.N.B. acknowledges the support from NASA grant 80NSSC19K0961. K.M. has been supported by the Polish National Science Centre (UMO-2018/30/E/ST9/00082). G.M. acknowledges support by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu, ref. MDM-2017-0765. M.S. acknowledges support by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia through contract No. 451-03-9/2021-14/200002 and by the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia, PROMIS 6060916, BOWIE. The authors acknowledge the Texas A&M High Performance Research Computing Resources (HPRC, http://hprc.tamu.edu ) that contributed to the research reported here.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.
PY - 2022/3/1
Y1 - 2022/3/1
N2 - Modern and future surveys effectively provide a panchromatic view for large numbers of extragalactic objects. Consistently modeling these multiwavelength survey data is a critical but challenging task for extragalactic studies. The Code Investigating GALaxy Emission (cigale) is an efficient python code for spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting of galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Recently, a major extension of cigale (named x-cigale) has been developed to account for AGN/galaxy X-ray emission and improve AGN modeling at UV-to-IR wavelengths. Here, we apply x-cigale to different samples, including Cosmological Evolution Survey (COSMOS) spectroscopic type 2 AGNs, Chandra Deep Field-South X-ray detected normal galaxies, Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasars, and COSMOS radio objects. From these tests, we identify several weaknesses of x-cigale and improve the code accordingly. These improvements are mainly related to AGN intrinsic X-ray anisotropy, X-ray binary emission, AGN accretion-disk SED shape, and AGN radio emission. These updates improve the fit quality and allow for new interpretation of the results, based on which we discuss physical implications. For example, we find that AGN intrinsic X-ray anisotropy is moderate, and can be modeled as LX(θ)∝ 1+cosθ, where θ is the viewing angle measured from the AGN axis. We merge the new code into the major branch of cigale, and publicly release this new version as cigale v2022.0 on https://cigale.lam.fr.
AB - Modern and future surveys effectively provide a panchromatic view for large numbers of extragalactic objects. Consistently modeling these multiwavelength survey data is a critical but challenging task for extragalactic studies. The Code Investigating GALaxy Emission (cigale) is an efficient python code for spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting of galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Recently, a major extension of cigale (named x-cigale) has been developed to account for AGN/galaxy X-ray emission and improve AGN modeling at UV-to-IR wavelengths. Here, we apply x-cigale to different samples, including Cosmological Evolution Survey (COSMOS) spectroscopic type 2 AGNs, Chandra Deep Field-South X-ray detected normal galaxies, Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasars, and COSMOS radio objects. From these tests, we identify several weaknesses of x-cigale and improve the code accordingly. These improvements are mainly related to AGN intrinsic X-ray anisotropy, X-ray binary emission, AGN accretion-disk SED shape, and AGN radio emission. These updates improve the fit quality and allow for new interpretation of the results, based on which we discuss physical implications. For example, we find that AGN intrinsic X-ray anisotropy is moderate, and can be modeled as LX(θ)∝ 1+cosθ, where θ is the viewing angle measured from the AGN axis. We merge the new code into the major branch of cigale, and publicly release this new version as cigale v2022.0 on https://cigale.lam.fr.
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U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ac4971
DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ac4971
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85126689278
SN - 0004-637X
VL - 927
JO - Astrophysical Journal
JF - Astrophysical Journal
IS - 2
M1 - 192
ER -