Formation of dislocations and stacking faults in embedded individual grains during in situ tensile loading of an austenitic stainless steel

The formation of stacking faults and dislocations in individual austenite (fcc) grains embedded in a polycrystalline bulk Fe-18Cr-10.5Ni (wt.%) steel was investigated by non-destructive high-energy diffraction microscopy (HEDM) and line profile analysis. The broadening and position of intensity, diffracted from individual grains, were followed during in situ tensile loading up to 0.09 strain. Furthermore, the predominant deformation mechanism of the individual grains as a function of grain orientation was investigated, and the formation of stacking faults was quantified. Grains oriented with [100] along the tensile axis form dislocations at low strains, whilst at higher strains, the formation of stacking faults becomes the dominant deformation mechanism. In contrast, grains oriented with [111] along the tensile axis deform mainly through the formation and slip of dislocations at all strain states. However, the present study also reveals that grain orientation is not sufficient to predict the deformation characteristics of single grains in polycrystalline bulk materials. This is witnessed specifically within one grain oriented with [111] along the tensile axis that deforms through the generation of stacking faults. The reason for this behavior is due to other grain-specific parameters, such as size and local neighborhood.