Formulas for the multiplicity of graded algebras

Let R be a standard graded Noetherian algebra over an Artinian local ring. Motivated by the work of Achilles and Manaresi in intersection theory, we first express the multiplicity of R by means of local j-multiplicities of various hyperplane sections. When applied to a homogeneous inclusion A ⊆ B of standard graded Noetherian algebras over an Artinian local ring, this formula yields the multiplicity of A in terms of that of B and of local j-multiplicities of hyperplane sections along Proj (B). Our formulas can be used to find the multiplicity of special fiber rings and to obtain the degree of dual varieties for any hypersurface. In particular, it gives a generalization of Teissier's Pl̈ucker formula to hypersurfaces with non-isolated singularities. Our work generalizes results by Simis, Ulrich and Vasconcelos on homogeneous embeddings of graded algebras.