Frame-guided assembly of vesicles with programmed geometry and dimensions

In molecular self-assembly molecules form organized structures or patterns. The control of the self-assembly process is an important and challenging topic. Inspired by the cytoskeletal-membrane protein lipid bilayer system that determines the shape of eukaryotic cells, we developed a frame-guided assembly process as a general strategy to prepare heterovesicles with programmed geometry and dimensions. This method offers greater control over self-assembly which may benefit the understanding of the formation mechanism as well as the functions of the cell membrane. Frame-filling: Discontinuous, pre-positioned leading hydrophobic groups (LHGs) have been introduced to a frame, outlining the fringe of its designed structure. The formed frame will guide other amphiphilic molecules to fill in the gap between LHGs, finally leading to the formation of heterovesicles with designed shape and size.