TY - JOUR
T1 - Free Radical Production and Characterization of Heat-Not-Burn Cigarettes in Comparison to Conventional and Electronic Cigarettes
AU - Bitzer, Zachary T.
AU - Goel, Reema
AU - Trushin, Neil
AU - Muscat, Joshua
AU - Richie, John P.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health and the Center for Tobacco Products of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (under Award Number R01-HL-147344). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or the Food and Drug Administration. This project was also funded, in part, under a grant with the Pennsylvania Department of Health using Tobacco CURE Funds. The Department specifically disclaims responsibility for any analyses, interpretations or conclusions.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2020/7/20
Y1 - 2020/7/20
N2 - With conventional cigarettes, the burning cone reaches temperatures of >900 °C, resulting in the production of numerous toxicants and significant levels of highly reactive free radicals. In attempts to eliminate combustion while still delivering nicotine and flavorings, a newer alternative tobacco product has emerged known as "heat-not-burn"(HnB). These products heat tobacco to temperatures of 250-350 °C depending on the device allowing for the volatilization of nicotine and flavorants while potentially limiting the production of combustion-related toxicants. To better understand how the designs of these new products compare to conventional cigarettes and different styles of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), we measured and partially characterized their production of free radicals. Smoke or aerosols were trapped by a spin trap phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) and analyzed for free radicals using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Free radical polarity was assessed by passing the aerosol or smoke through either a polar or nonpolar trap prior to being spin trapped with PBN. Particulate-phase radicals were detected only for conventional cigarettes. Gas-phase free radicals were detected in smoke/aerosol from all products with levels for HnB (IQOS, Glo) (12 pmol/puff) being similar to e-cigs (Juul, SREC, box mod e-cig) and hybrid devices (Ploom) (5-40 pmol/puff) but 50-fold lower than conventional cigarettes (1R6F). Gas phase radicals differed in polarity with HnB products and conventional cigarettes producing more polar radicals compared to those produced from e-cigs. Free radical production should be considered in evaluating the toxicological profile of nicotine delivery products and identification of the radicals is of paramount importance.
AB - With conventional cigarettes, the burning cone reaches temperatures of >900 °C, resulting in the production of numerous toxicants and significant levels of highly reactive free radicals. In attempts to eliminate combustion while still delivering nicotine and flavorings, a newer alternative tobacco product has emerged known as "heat-not-burn"(HnB). These products heat tobacco to temperatures of 250-350 °C depending on the device allowing for the volatilization of nicotine and flavorants while potentially limiting the production of combustion-related toxicants. To better understand how the designs of these new products compare to conventional cigarettes and different styles of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), we measured and partially characterized their production of free radicals. Smoke or aerosols were trapped by a spin trap phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) and analyzed for free radicals using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Free radical polarity was assessed by passing the aerosol or smoke through either a polar or nonpolar trap prior to being spin trapped with PBN. Particulate-phase radicals were detected only for conventional cigarettes. Gas-phase free radicals were detected in smoke/aerosol from all products with levels for HnB (IQOS, Glo) (12 pmol/puff) being similar to e-cigs (Juul, SREC, box mod e-cig) and hybrid devices (Ploom) (5-40 pmol/puff) but 50-fold lower than conventional cigarettes (1R6F). Gas phase radicals differed in polarity with HnB products and conventional cigarettes producing more polar radicals compared to those produced from e-cigs. Free radical production should be considered in evaluating the toxicological profile of nicotine delivery products and identification of the radicals is of paramount importance.
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U2 - 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00088
DO - 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00088
M3 - Article
C2 - 32432464
AN - SCOPUS:85088494811
SN - 0893-228X
VL - 33
SP - 1882
EP - 1887
JO - Chemical research in toxicology
JF - Chemical research in toxicology
IS - 7
ER -