Full coupling of CO₂–CH₄ transport and sorption with solid deformation in gas shale enhances natural gas recovery and geological CO₂ storage capacity

A thermodynamically rigorous constitutive model is used to describe the full coupling among the nonlinear processes of transport, sorption, and solid deformation in organic shale where the pore fluid is the binary mixture of carbon dioxide and methane. The constitutive model is utilized in a numerical solution that simulates injection of carbon dioxide in shale before producing carbon dioxide and methane from the same. The solution considers advection and diffusion as viable mechanisms of pore fluid transport where the latter comprises molecular, Knudsen, and surface diffusion in ultralow permeability shale. Results indicate that gas adsorption would be the main storage mechanism of sequestration in shale which may comprise up to 70% of the stored CO₂ mass. A third of this storage capacity could be due to the geomechanical effects. Therefore, complete or partial exclusion of the coupling between sorption and solid phase deformation from the solution would result in underestimation of carbon dioxide storage capacity and natural gas recovery factor of the rock. Surface diffusion, sorption-induced deformation, as well as strain-induced changes in gas sorption capacities, are all conducive to both outcomes. Sensitivity analysis shows that the solution results are most sensitive to changes in adsorption capacities, followed by initial permeability, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, surface diffusivities, and initial pore radius.