TY - JOUR
T1 - Gender differences in patenting activity
T2 - An examination of the US biotechnology industry
AU - McMillan, G. Steven
N1 - Funding Information:
1The National Science Foundation and CHI Research jointly developed a classification scheme for the journals covered by ISI’s Science Citation Index [PINKSI & NARIN, 1976; NARIN & AL., 1976]. Their classification scale ranges from 1 to 4 with 1 being the most applied journal and 4 being the most basic.
Funding Information:
National Cancer Institute Nat’l Inst Allergy & Infectious Dis Nat’l Inst of Gen’l Med Sciences National Science Foundation Nat’l Inst of Health (gen) American Cancer Society Nat’l Heart, Lung & Blood Inst Department of Defense National Institute of Mental Health Nat’l Inst Arthr & Muscloski
Funding Information:
In our sample, the total numbers of patent-to-patent references were 10,335 and the number of non-patent references was 23,286. These non patent references (NPRs) yielded 20,752 science citations representing 12,477 scientific papers (papers could be cited more than once). Of these citations, we were not able to classify 2,745, usually because a reference might be incomplete; an author’s name misspelled, or a wrong volume or page number given. The remaining 18,007 citations were matched with the Science Citation Index-based Science Literature Indicators Database (SLID) maintained at CHI Research for the National Science Foundation. The SLID is a comprehensive database containing information on article authors, institutions, level of journal, and, perhaps most importantly, funding sources.
PY - 2009/8
Y1 - 2009/8
N2 - The gender gap in science and technology has received considerable attention by both researchers and policy makers. In an effort to better understand the quantity, quality, and underlying characteristics of female research efforts, I integrate three existing databases to uncover how female patenting activities differ from men's in the US biotechnology industry. Data on how much science the patents build upon, the author institutions of that science, and who funded the papers in which the science appears are all examined. In addition, using the NBER Patent Citation Data Files, I propose a possible gender-based life cycle model for patenting activity. The policy implications of my findings are also discussed.
AB - The gender gap in science and technology has received considerable attention by both researchers and policy makers. In an effort to better understand the quantity, quality, and underlying characteristics of female research efforts, I integrate three existing databases to uncover how female patenting activities differ from men's in the US biotechnology industry. Data on how much science the patents build upon, the author institutions of that science, and who funded the papers in which the science appears are all examined. In addition, using the NBER Patent Citation Data Files, I propose a possible gender-based life cycle model for patenting activity. The policy implications of my findings are also discussed.
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U2 - 10.1007/s11192-008-2101-0
DO - 10.1007/s11192-008-2101-0
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:70349314893
SN - 0138-9130
VL - 80
SP - 683
EP - 691
JO - Scientometrics
JF - Scientometrics
IS - 3
ER -
