TY - JOUR
T1 - Genesis of freshwater subaqueous soils following flooding of a subaerial landscape
AU - Erich, E.
AU - Drohan, P. J.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors wish to thank the Pennsylvania State University, College of Agriculture Seed Grant Program for funding. Equipment loans from the Lupton and Krasinski families are greatly appreciated. We thank Rhode Island and Connecticut Soil Survey staff, and colleagues at the University of Florida, Maryland and Rhode Island, for assistance in beginning our surveys. Last, we thank the following individuals for assistance with field sampling: Mary Kay Lupton and Doug Baldwin.
Copyright:
Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2012/6
Y1 - 2012/6
N2 - The majority of research on subaqueous soils has so far occurred in estuarine environments where their pedogenic concepts were first explored. We investigated subaqueous soils in a 91. ha freshwater impoundment, which prior to flooding were subaerial. Five landscape units across the lake were delineated based on water depth, slope, landscape shape, and depositional environment. Soils were sampled and analyzed for bulk density, particle size distribution, rock fragments, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic C and sulfidic materials. Given these soils did not classify as subaqueous under current criteria in Soil Taxonomy, we determined current subaerial classifications and propose new subaqueous classifications: Histic Frasiwassept (subaerial: Typic Humaquept); Typic Frasiwassept (subaerial: Typic Endoaquept); and Fragic Frasiwassept (subaerial: Typic Endoaquept). Lake main channel units have water depths that exceed 2.5. m, and thus exceed water depths where subaqueous soils are found. Across Lake channel bank deposits a Fragic Frassiwassept-Typic Frassiwassept complex is found with equal proportions of each soil. Across Lake bottom deposits Fragic Frassiwassepts are mapped. Lake cove deposits consist of a Fragic Frasiwassept-Histic Frasiwassept complex with equal proportions of each soil, and Lake shoals are comprised of Histic Frasiwassepts. Following impoundment creation, additions of mineral and organic material (likely erosional siltation) have resulted in soils with unique morphologic, physical, and chemical characteristics different from subaerial, shoreline soils but expressing a welded morphology that is a product of impoundment creation. These characteristics are identifiable across landforms, indicative of specific processes to soils, and can be reliably mapped in order to support aquatic ecosystem management.
AB - The majority of research on subaqueous soils has so far occurred in estuarine environments where their pedogenic concepts were first explored. We investigated subaqueous soils in a 91. ha freshwater impoundment, which prior to flooding were subaerial. Five landscape units across the lake were delineated based on water depth, slope, landscape shape, and depositional environment. Soils were sampled and analyzed for bulk density, particle size distribution, rock fragments, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic C and sulfidic materials. Given these soils did not classify as subaqueous under current criteria in Soil Taxonomy, we determined current subaerial classifications and propose new subaqueous classifications: Histic Frasiwassept (subaerial: Typic Humaquept); Typic Frasiwassept (subaerial: Typic Endoaquept); and Fragic Frasiwassept (subaerial: Typic Endoaquept). Lake main channel units have water depths that exceed 2.5. m, and thus exceed water depths where subaqueous soils are found. Across Lake channel bank deposits a Fragic Frassiwassept-Typic Frassiwassept complex is found with equal proportions of each soil. Across Lake bottom deposits Fragic Frassiwassepts are mapped. Lake cove deposits consist of a Fragic Frasiwassept-Histic Frasiwassept complex with equal proportions of each soil, and Lake shoals are comprised of Histic Frasiwassepts. Following impoundment creation, additions of mineral and organic material (likely erosional siltation) have resulted in soils with unique morphologic, physical, and chemical characteristics different from subaerial, shoreline soils but expressing a welded morphology that is a product of impoundment creation. These characteristics are identifiable across landforms, indicative of specific processes to soils, and can be reliably mapped in order to support aquatic ecosystem management.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.02.004
DO - 10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.02.004
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84858319302
SN - 0016-7061
VL - 179-180
SP - 53
EP - 62
JO - Geoderma
JF - Geoderma
ER -
