Genome folding principles uncovered in condensin-depleted mitotic chromosomes

Han Zhao, Yinzhi Lin, En Lin, Fuhai Liu, Lirong Shu, Dannan Jing, Baiyue Wang, Manzhu Wang, Fengnian Shan, Lin Zhang, Jessica C. Lam, Susannah C. Midla, Belinda M. Giardine, Cheryl A. Keller, Ross C. Hardison, Gerd A. Blobel, Haoyue Zhang

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

During mitosis, condensin activity is thought to interfere with interphase chromatin structures. To investigate genome folding principles in the absence of chromatin loop extrusion, we codepleted condensin I and condensin II, which triggered mitotic chromosome compartmentalization in ways similar to that in interphase. However, two distinct euchromatic compartments, indistinguishable in interphase, emerged upon condensin loss with different interaction preferences and dependencies on H3K27ac. Constitutive heterochromatin gradually self-aggregated and cocompartmentalized with facultative heterochromatin, contrasting with their separation during interphase. Notably, some cis-regulatory element contacts became apparent even in the absence of CTCF/cohesin-mediated structures. Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) proteins, which are thought to partition constitutive heterochromatin, were absent from mitotic chromosomes, suggesting, surprisingly, that constitutive heterochromatin can self-aggregate without HP1. Indeed, in cells traversing from M to G1 phase in the combined absence of HP1α, HP1β and HP1γ, constitutive heterochromatin compartments are normally re-established. In sum, condensin-deficient mitotic chromosomes illuminate forces of genome compartmentalization not identified in interphase cells.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1213-1224
Number of pages12
JournalNature Genetics
Volume56
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 2024

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Genetics

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