GJ 3929: High-precision Photometric and Doppler Characterization of an Exo-Venus and Its Hot, Mini-Neptune-mass Companion

Corey Beard; Paul Robertson; Shubham Kanodia; Jack Lubin; Caleb I. Cañas; Arvind F. Gupta; Rae Holcomb; Sinclaire Jones; Jessica E. Libby-Roberts; Andrea S.J. Lin; Suvrath Mahadevan; Guđmundur Stefánsson; Chad F. Bender; Cullen H. Blake; William D. Cochran; Michael Endl; Mark Everett; Eric B. Ford; Connor Fredrick; Samuel Halverson; Leslie Hebb; Dan Li; Sarah E. Logsdon; Jacob Luhn; Michael W. McElwain; Andrew J. Metcalf; Joe P. Ninan; Jayadev Rajagopal; Arpita Roy; Maria Schutte; Christian Schwab; Ryan C. Terrien; John Wisniewski; Jason T. Wright

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac8480

GJ 3929: High-precision Photometric and Doppler Characterization of an Exo-Venus and Its Hot, Mini-Neptune-mass Companion

Corey Beard, Paul Robertson, Shubham Kanodia, Jack Lubin, Caleb I. Cañas, Arvind F. Gupta, Rae Holcomb, Sinclaire Jones, Jessica E. Libby-Roberts, Andrea S.J. Lin, Suvrath Mahadevan, Guđmundur Stefánsson, Chad F. Bender, Cullen H. Blake, William D. Cochran, Michael Endl, Mark Everett, Eric B. Ford, Connor Fredrick, Samuel HalversonLeslie Hebb, Dan Li, Sarah E. Logsdon, Jacob Luhn, Michael W. McElwain, Andrew J. Metcalf, Joe P. Ninan, Jayadev Rajagopal, Arpita Roy, Maria Schutte, Christian Schwab, Ryan C. Terrien, John Wisniewski, Jason T. Wright

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Abstract

We detail the follow-up and characterization of a transiting exo-Venus identified by TESS, GJ 3929b (TOI-2013b), and its nontransiting companion planet, GJ 3929c (TOI-2013c). GJ 3929b is an Earth-sized exoplanet in its star’s Venus zone (P _b = 2.616272 ± 0.000005 days; S_b = 17.3 − 0.7 + 0.8 S _⊕) orbiting a nearby M dwarf. GJ 3929c is most likely a nontransiting sub-Neptune. Using the new, ultraprecise NEID spectrometer on the WIYN 3.5 m Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory, we are able to modify the mass constraints of planet b reported in previous works and consequently improve the significance of the mass measurement to almost 4σ confidence (M _b = 1.75 ± 0.45 M _⊕). We further adjust the orbital period of planet c from its alias at 14.30 ± 0.03 days to the likely true period of 15.04 ± 0.03 days, and we adjust its minimum mass to m sin i = 5.71 ± 0.92 M _⊕. Using the diffuser-assisted ARCTIC imager on the ARC 3.5 m telescope at Apache Point Observatory, in addition to publicly available TESS and LCOGT photometry, we are able to constrain the radius of planet b to R _p = 1.09 ± 0.04 R _⊕. GJ 3929b is a top candidate for transmission spectroscopy in its size regime (TSM = 14 ± 4), and future atmospheric studies of GJ 3929b stand to shed light on the nature of small planets orbiting M dwarfs.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	55
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	936
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac8480
State	Published - Sep 1 2022

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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10.3847/1538-4357/ac8480

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Beard, C., Robertson, P., Kanodia, S., Lubin, J., Cañas, C. I., Gupta, A. F., Holcomb, R., Jones, S., Libby-Roberts, J. E., Lin, A. S. J., Mahadevan, S., Stefánsson, G., Bender, C. F., Blake, C. H., Cochran, W. D., Endl, M., Everett, M., Ford, E. B., Fredrick, C., ... Wright, J. T. (2022). GJ 3929: High-precision Photometric and Doppler Characterization of an Exo-Venus and Its Hot, Mini-Neptune-mass Companion. Astrophysical Journal, 936(1), Article 55. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac8480

@article{d9e5804d1d7441c194724fd9d5467a37,

title = "GJ 3929: High-precision Photometric and Doppler Characterization of an Exo-Venus and Its Hot, Mini-Neptune-mass Companion",

abstract = "We detail the follow-up and characterization of a transiting exo-Venus identified by TESS, GJ 3929b (TOI-2013b), and its nontransiting companion planet, GJ 3929c (TOI-2013c). GJ 3929b is an Earth-sized exoplanet in its star{\textquoteright}s Venus zone (P b = 2.616272 ± 0.000005 days; Sb = 17.3 − 0.7 + 0.8 S ⊕) orbiting a nearby M dwarf. GJ 3929c is most likely a nontransiting sub-Neptune. Using the new, ultraprecise NEID spectrometer on the WIYN 3.5 m Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory, we are able to modify the mass constraints of planet b reported in previous works and consequently improve the significance of the mass measurement to almost 4σ confidence (M b = 1.75 ± 0.45 M ⊕). We further adjust the orbital period of planet c from its alias at 14.30 ± 0.03 days to the likely true period of 15.04 ± 0.03 days, and we adjust its minimum mass to m sin i = 5.71 ± 0.92 M ⊕. Using the diffuser-assisted ARCTIC imager on the ARC 3.5 m telescope at Apache Point Observatory, in addition to publicly available TESS and LCOGT photometry, we are able to constrain the radius of planet b to R p = 1.09 ± 0.04 R ⊕. GJ 3929b is a top candidate for transmission spectroscopy in its size regime (TSM = 14 ± 4), and future atmospheric studies of GJ 3929b stand to shed light on the nature of small planets orbiting M dwarfs.",

author = "Corey Beard and Paul Robertson and Shubham Kanodia and Jack Lubin and Ca{\~n}as, {Caleb I.} and Gupta, {Arvind F.} and Rae Holcomb and Sinclaire Jones and Libby-Roberts, {Jessica E.} and Lin, {Andrea S.J.} and Suvrath Mahadevan and Gu{\d}mundur Stef{\'a}nsson and Bender, {Chad F.} and Blake, {Cullen H.} and Cochran, {William D.} and Michael Endl and Mark Everett and Ford, {Eric B.} and Connor Fredrick and Samuel Halverson and Leslie Hebb and Dan Li and Logsdon, {Sarah E.} and Jacob Luhn and McElwain, {Michael W.} and Metcalf, {Andrew J.} and Ninan, {Joe P.} and Jayadev Rajagopal and Arpita Roy and Maria Schutte and Christian Schwab and Terrien, {Ryan C.} and John Wisniewski and Wright, {Jason T.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",

year = "2022",

month = sep,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ac8480",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "936",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",

number = "1",

}

Beard, C, Robertson, P, Kanodia, S, Lubin, J, Cañas, CI, Gupta, AF, Holcomb, R, Jones, S, Libby-Roberts, JE, Lin, ASJ, Mahadevan, S, Stefánsson, G, Bender, CF, Blake, CH, Cochran, WD, Endl, M, Everett, M, Ford, EB, Fredrick, C, Halverson, S, Hebb, L, Li, D, Logsdon, SE, Luhn, J, McElwain, MW, Metcalf, AJ, Ninan, JP, Rajagopal, J, Roy, A, Schutte, M, Schwab, C, Terrien, RC, Wisniewski, J & Wright, JT 2022, 'GJ 3929: High-precision Photometric and Doppler Characterization of an Exo-Venus and Its Hot, Mini-Neptune-mass Companion', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 936, no. 1, 55. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac8480

TY - JOUR

T1 - GJ 3929

T2 - High-precision Photometric and Doppler Characterization of an Exo-Venus and Its Hot, Mini-Neptune-mass Companion

AU - Beard, Corey

AU - Robertson, Paul

AU - Kanodia, Shubham

AU - Lubin, Jack

AU - Cañas, Caleb I.

AU - Gupta, Arvind F.

AU - Holcomb, Rae

AU - Jones, Sinclaire

AU - Libby-Roberts, Jessica E.

AU - Lin, Andrea S.J.

AU - Mahadevan, Suvrath

AU - Stefánsson, Guđmundur

AU - Bender, Chad F.

AU - Blake, Cullen H.

AU - Cochran, William D.

AU - Endl, Michael

AU - Everett, Mark

AU - Ford, Eric B.

AU - Fredrick, Connor

AU - Halverson, Samuel

AU - Hebb, Leslie

AU - Li, Dan

AU - Logsdon, Sarah E.

AU - Luhn, Jacob

AU - McElwain, Michael W.

AU - Metcalf, Andrew J.

AU - Ninan, Joe P.

AU - Rajagopal, Jayadev

AU - Roy, Arpita

AU - Schutte, Maria

AU - Schwab, Christian

AU - Terrien, Ryan C.

AU - Wisniewski, John

AU - Wright, Jason T.

PY - 2022/9/1

Y1 - 2022/9/1

N2 - We detail the follow-up and characterization of a transiting exo-Venus identified by TESS, GJ 3929b (TOI-2013b), and its nontransiting companion planet, GJ 3929c (TOI-2013c). GJ 3929b is an Earth-sized exoplanet in its star’s Venus zone (P b = 2.616272 ± 0.000005 days; Sb = 17.3 − 0.7 + 0.8 S ⊕) orbiting a nearby M dwarf. GJ 3929c is most likely a nontransiting sub-Neptune. Using the new, ultraprecise NEID spectrometer on the WIYN 3.5 m Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory, we are able to modify the mass constraints of planet b reported in previous works and consequently improve the significance of the mass measurement to almost 4σ confidence (M b = 1.75 ± 0.45 M ⊕). We further adjust the orbital period of planet c from its alias at 14.30 ± 0.03 days to the likely true period of 15.04 ± 0.03 days, and we adjust its minimum mass to m sin i = 5.71 ± 0.92 M ⊕. Using the diffuser-assisted ARCTIC imager on the ARC 3.5 m telescope at Apache Point Observatory, in addition to publicly available TESS and LCOGT photometry, we are able to constrain the radius of planet b to R p = 1.09 ± 0.04 R ⊕. GJ 3929b is a top candidate for transmission spectroscopy in its size regime (TSM = 14 ± 4), and future atmospheric studies of GJ 3929b stand to shed light on the nature of small planets orbiting M dwarfs.

AB - We detail the follow-up and characterization of a transiting exo-Venus identified by TESS, GJ 3929b (TOI-2013b), and its nontransiting companion planet, GJ 3929c (TOI-2013c). GJ 3929b is an Earth-sized exoplanet in its star’s Venus zone (P b = 2.616272 ± 0.000005 days; Sb = 17.3 − 0.7 + 0.8 S ⊕) orbiting a nearby M dwarf. GJ 3929c is most likely a nontransiting sub-Neptune. Using the new, ultraprecise NEID spectrometer on the WIYN 3.5 m Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory, we are able to modify the mass constraints of planet b reported in previous works and consequently improve the significance of the mass measurement to almost 4σ confidence (M b = 1.75 ± 0.45 M ⊕). We further adjust the orbital period of planet c from its alias at 14.30 ± 0.03 days to the likely true period of 15.04 ± 0.03 days, and we adjust its minimum mass to m sin i = 5.71 ± 0.92 M ⊕. Using the diffuser-assisted ARCTIC imager on the ARC 3.5 m telescope at Apache Point Observatory, in addition to publicly available TESS and LCOGT photometry, we are able to constrain the radius of planet b to R p = 1.09 ± 0.04 R ⊕. GJ 3929b is a top candidate for transmission spectroscopy in its size regime (TSM = 14 ± 4), and future atmospheric studies of GJ 3929b stand to shed light on the nature of small planets orbiting M dwarfs.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85137394872&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85137394872&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ac8480

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ac8480

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85137394872

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 936

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 1

M1 - 55

ER -

GJ 3929: High-precision Photometric and Doppler Characterization of an Exo-Venus and Its Hot, Mini-Neptune-mass Companion

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