Grapevine plant defense responses associated with arthropod herbivory: A review

Grapes are among the most valuable fruit crops with over ∼80 billion US dollars in farm gate value worldwide. Many insect pests, including phylloxera, mealybugs, grapevine moths, and spotted lanternfly, among others, persistently challenge grapevine plants. Insect infestations can limit berry production and affect the quality and quantity of its several byproducts, resulting in economic losses. To counter insect attack, grapevines employ different mechanisms, including structural, direct, indirect, and inducible defenses. Surprisingly, there is a lack of literature review in the grapevine-arthropod interactions study system. This review summarizes various defense mechanisms, including primary/secondary metabolites, elicitors, volatile organic compounds, etc., used by grapevines against insect and mite attacks that would help to improve and develop pest management strategies in vineyards. Finally, future perspectives of grapevine-insect interactions will be discussed, which could help to reveal novel grapevine defense mechanisms against arthropod herbivory and develop new pest management strategies to reduce crop losses.