@article{0626a4b4a25148539c13b2ad7a11e4f2,
title = "Greater temperature sensitivity of plant phenology at colder sites: implications for convergence across northern latitudes",
abstract = "Warmer temperatures are accelerating the phenology of organisms around the world. Temperature sensitivity of phenology might be greater in colder, higher latitude sites than in warmer regions, in part because small changes in temperature constitute greater relative changes in thermal balance at colder sites. To test this hypothesis, we examined up to 20 years of phenology data for 47 tundra plant species at 18 high-latitude sites along a climatic gradient. Across all species, the timing of leaf emergence and flowering was more sensitive to a given increase in summer temperature at colder than warmer high-latitude locations. A similar pattern was seen over time for the flowering phenology of a widespread species, Cassiope tetragona. These are among the first results highlighting differential phenological responses of plants across a climatic gradient and suggest the possibility of convergence in flowering times and therefore an increase in gene flow across latitudes as the climate warms.",
author = "Janet Prev{\'e}y and Mark Vellend and Nadja R{\"u}ger and Hollister, {Robert D.} and Bjorkman, {Anne D.} and Myers-Smith, {Isla H.} and Elmendorf, {Sarah C.} and Karin Clark and Cooper, {Elisabeth J.} and Bo Elberling and Fosaa, {Anna M.} and Henry, {Gregory H.R.} and H{\o}ye, {Toke T.} and J{\'o}nsd{\'o}ttir, {Ingibj{\"o}rg S.} and Kari Klanderud and Esther L{\'e}vesque and Marguerite Mauritz and Ulf Molau and Natali, {Susan M.} and Oberbauer, {Steven F.} and Panchen, {Zoe A.} and Eric Post and Rumpf, {Sabine B.} and Schmidt, {Niels M.} and Schuur, {Edward A.G.} and Semenchuk, {Phillip R.} and Tiffany Troxler and Welker, {Jeffrey M.} and Christian Rixen",
note = "Funding Information: We are grateful to the hundreds of scientists, field assistants, and others who established experiments and collected detailed phenological observations, including Dorothy Cooley, Orin Durey, Cameron Eckert, Jill F. Johnstone, Catherine Kennedy, Vincent Lamarre, Guylaine Levasseur, Carmen Spiech, Josef Svoboda, Renee Wising, the Herschel Island-Qikiqtaruk Territorial Park staff, Quttinirpaaq National Park staff, the Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring team, and others. We thank four anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on previous versions of this manuscript. These observations were made possible with the support of many funding agencies and grants including: the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada, Canadian International Polar Year Program, Polar Continental Shelf Program of Natural Resources Canada, the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, US National Science Foundation grants: PLR 1525636, PLR 1107381, PLR 0902125, 1312402, 1019324, LTER-1026415, 1433063, 0856728, 0612534, 0119279, 9421755, OPP-9907185, and 0856710, Danish National Research Foundation grant: CENPERM DNRF100, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grant: RU 1536/3-1, Natural Environment Research Council grant: NE/M016323/1, Department of Energy grant: SC006982, and an INTERACT Transnational Access grant. The idea for the manuscript was conceived at a workshop funded by the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd",
year = "2017",
month = jul,
doi = "10.1111/gcb.13619",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "23",
pages = "2660--2671",
journal = "Global Change Biology",
issn = "1354-1013",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "7",
}