TY - JOUR
T1 - Gustatory, trigeminal, and olfactory aspects of nicotine intake in three mouse strains
AU - Gyekis, Joseph P.
AU - Dingman, Marc A.
AU - Alicia, R. Revitsky
AU - Bryant, Bruce P.
AU - Vandenbergh, David J.
AU - Frank, Marion E.
AU - Blizard, David A.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments Funding was provided by NIH grant R01 DC004099 to M. E. Frank from the National Institute of Deafness and Communication Disorders. Spilanthol was a gift from the Ogawa Company, Tokyo, Japan. We greatly appreciate the help of Denny Ripka of Noll Laboratory at Pennsylvania State University in the construction of the olfactory towers.
PY - 2012/9
Y1 - 2012/9
N2 - Studies of nicotine consumption in rodents often intend to investigate nicotine's post-absorptive effects, yet little is known about the pre-absorptive sensory experience of nicotine drinking, including gustatory, trigeminal, and olfactory influences. We conditioned taste aversion (CTA) to nicotine in males of 3 inbred mouse strains: C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, and 129X1/SvJ by repeatedly pairing 150 lg/ml nicotine drinking with lithium chloride injections. Generalization to a variety of bitter, sour, sweet, salty, and irritant solutions and to nicotine odor was then examined. Nicotine CTA generalized to the bitter stimulus quinine hydrochloride and the chemosensory irritant spilanthol in all strains. It also showed strain specificity, generalizing to hydrogen peroxide (an activator of TRPA1) in C57BL/6J mice and to the olfactory cue of nicotine in DBA/2J mice. These behavioral assays demonstrate that the sensory properties of nicotine are complex and include multiple gustatory, irritant, and olfactory components. How these qualities combine at the level of perception remains to be assessed, but sensory factors clearly exert an important influence on nicotine ingestion and their contribution to net intake of nicotine should not be neglected in animal or human studies.
AB - Studies of nicotine consumption in rodents often intend to investigate nicotine's post-absorptive effects, yet little is known about the pre-absorptive sensory experience of nicotine drinking, including gustatory, trigeminal, and olfactory influences. We conditioned taste aversion (CTA) to nicotine in males of 3 inbred mouse strains: C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, and 129X1/SvJ by repeatedly pairing 150 lg/ml nicotine drinking with lithium chloride injections. Generalization to a variety of bitter, sour, sweet, salty, and irritant solutions and to nicotine odor was then examined. Nicotine CTA generalized to the bitter stimulus quinine hydrochloride and the chemosensory irritant spilanthol in all strains. It also showed strain specificity, generalizing to hydrogen peroxide (an activator of TRPA1) in C57BL/6J mice and to the olfactory cue of nicotine in DBA/2J mice. These behavioral assays demonstrate that the sensory properties of nicotine are complex and include multiple gustatory, irritant, and olfactory components. How these qualities combine at the level of perception remains to be assessed, but sensory factors clearly exert an important influence on nicotine ingestion and their contribution to net intake of nicotine should not be neglected in animal or human studies.
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U2 - 10.1007/s10519-012-9546-x
DO - 10.1007/s10519-012-9546-x
M3 - Article
C2 - 22618163
AN - SCOPUS:84866543419
SN - 0001-8244
VL - 42
SP - 820
EP - 829
JO - Behavior Genetics
JF - Behavior Genetics
IS - 5
ER -