High-resolution Near-infrared Spectroscopy of a Flare around the Ultracool Dwarf vB 10

Shubham Kanodia; Lawrence W. Ramsey; Marissa Maney; Suvrath Mahadevan; Caleb I. Cañas; Joe P. Ninan; Andrew Monson; Adam F. Kowalski; Maximos C. Goumas; Gudmundur Stefansson; Chad F. Bender; William D. Cochran; Scott A. Diddams; Connor Fredrick; Samuel Halverson; Fred Hearty; Steven Janowiecki; Andrew J. Metcalf; Stephen C. Odewahn; Paul Robertson; Arpita Roy; Christian Schwab; Ryan C. Terrien

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac3e61

High-resolution Near-infrared Spectroscopy of a Flare around the Ultracool Dwarf vB 10

Shubham Kanodia, Lawrence W. Ramsey, Marissa Maney, Suvrath Mahadevan, Caleb I. Cañas, Joe P. Ninan, Andrew Monson, Adam F. Kowalski, Maximos C. Goumas, Gudmundur Stefansson, Chad F. Bender, William D. Cochran, Scott A. Diddams, Connor Fredrick, Samuel Halverson, Fred Hearty, Steven Janowiecki, Andrew J. Metcalf, Stephen C. Odewahn, Paul RobertsonArpita Roy, Christian Schwab, Ryan C. Terrien

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Abstract

We present high-resolution observations of a flaring event in the M8 dwarf vB 10 using the near-infrared Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF) spectrograph on the Hobby-Eberly Telescope. The high stability of HPF enables us to accurately subtract a vB 10 quiescent spectrum from the flare spectrum to isolate the flare contributions and study the changes in the relative energy of the Ca ii infrared triplet, several Paschen lines, the He λ10830 triplet lines, and to select iron and magnesium lines in HPF's bandpass. Our analysis reveals the presence of a red asymmetry in the He λ10830 triplet, which is similar to signatures of coronal rain in the Sun. Photometry of the flare derived from an acquisition camera before spectroscopic observations and the ability to extract spectra from up-the-ramp observations with the HPF infrared detector enable us to perform time-series analysis of part of the flare and provide coarse constraints on the energy and frequency of such flares. We compare this flare with historical observations of flares around vB 10 and other ultracool M dwarfs and attempt to place limits on flare-induced atmospheric mass loss for hypothetical planets around vB 10.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	155
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	925
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac3e61
State	Published - Feb 1 2022

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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Kanodia, S., Ramsey, L. W., Maney, M., Mahadevan, S., Cañas, C. I., Ninan, J. P., Monson, A., Kowalski, A. F., Goumas, M. C., Stefansson, G., Bender, C. F., Cochran, W. D., Diddams, S. A., Fredrick, C., Halverson, S., Hearty, F., Janowiecki, S., Metcalf, A. J., Odewahn, S. C., ... Terrien, R. C. (2022). High-resolution Near-infrared Spectroscopy of a Flare around the Ultracool Dwarf vB 10. Astrophysical Journal, 925(2), Article 155. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac3e61

@article{4d43b0aacb884e709c3f7a007c4ce4a9,

title = "High-resolution Near-infrared Spectroscopy of a Flare around the Ultracool Dwarf vB 10",

abstract = "We present high-resolution observations of a flaring event in the M8 dwarf vB 10 using the near-infrared Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF) spectrograph on the Hobby-Eberly Telescope. The high stability of HPF enables us to accurately subtract a vB 10 quiescent spectrum from the flare spectrum to isolate the flare contributions and study the changes in the relative energy of the Ca ii infrared triplet, several Paschen lines, the He λ10830 triplet lines, and to select iron and magnesium lines in HPF's bandpass. Our analysis reveals the presence of a red asymmetry in the He λ10830 triplet, which is similar to signatures of coronal rain in the Sun. Photometry of the flare derived from an acquisition camera before spectroscopic observations and the ability to extract spectra from up-the-ramp observations with the HPF infrared detector enable us to perform time-series analysis of part of the flare and provide coarse constraints on the energy and frequency of such flares. We compare this flare with historical observations of flares around vB 10 and other ultracool M dwarfs and attempt to place limits on flare-induced atmospheric mass loss for hypothetical planets around vB 10.",

author = "Shubham Kanodia and Ramsey, {Lawrence W.} and Marissa Maney and Suvrath Mahadevan and Ca{\~n}as, {Caleb I.} and Ninan, {Joe P.} and Andrew Monson and Kowalski, {Adam F.} and Goumas, {Maximos C.} and Gudmundur Stefansson and Bender, {Chad F.} and Cochran, {William D.} and Diddams, {Scott A.} and Connor Fredrick and Samuel Halverson and Fred Hearty and Steven Janowiecki and Metcalf, {Andrew J.} and Odewahn, {Stephen C.} and Paul Robertson and Arpita Roy and Christian Schwab and Terrien, {Ryan C.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",

year = "2022",

month = feb,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ac3e61",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "925",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

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Kanodia, S, Ramsey, LW, Maney, M, Mahadevan, S, Cañas, CI, Ninan, JP, Monson, A, Kowalski, AF, Goumas, MC, Stefansson, G, Bender, CF, Cochran, WD, Diddams, SA, Fredrick, C, Halverson, S, Hearty, F, Janowiecki, S, Metcalf, AJ, Odewahn, SC, Robertson, P, Roy, A, Schwab, C & Terrien, RC 2022, 'High-resolution Near-infrared Spectroscopy of a Flare around the Ultracool Dwarf vB 10', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 925, no. 2, 155. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac3e61

TY - JOUR

T1 - High-resolution Near-infrared Spectroscopy of a Flare around the Ultracool Dwarf vB 10

AU - Kanodia, Shubham

AU - Ramsey, Lawrence W.

AU - Maney, Marissa

AU - Mahadevan, Suvrath

AU - Cañas, Caleb I.

AU - Ninan, Joe P.

AU - Monson, Andrew

AU - Kowalski, Adam F.

AU - Goumas, Maximos C.

AU - Stefansson, Gudmundur

AU - Bender, Chad F.

AU - Cochran, William D.

AU - Diddams, Scott A.

AU - Fredrick, Connor

AU - Halverson, Samuel

AU - Hearty, Fred

AU - Janowiecki, Steven

AU - Metcalf, Andrew J.

AU - Odewahn, Stephen C.

AU - Robertson, Paul

AU - Roy, Arpita

AU - Schwab, Christian

AU - Terrien, Ryan C.

PY - 2022/2/1

Y1 - 2022/2/1

N2 - We present high-resolution observations of a flaring event in the M8 dwarf vB 10 using the near-infrared Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF) spectrograph on the Hobby-Eberly Telescope. The high stability of HPF enables us to accurately subtract a vB 10 quiescent spectrum from the flare spectrum to isolate the flare contributions and study the changes in the relative energy of the Ca ii infrared triplet, several Paschen lines, the He λ10830 triplet lines, and to select iron and magnesium lines in HPF's bandpass. Our analysis reveals the presence of a red asymmetry in the He λ10830 triplet, which is similar to signatures of coronal rain in the Sun. Photometry of the flare derived from an acquisition camera before spectroscopic observations and the ability to extract spectra from up-the-ramp observations with the HPF infrared detector enable us to perform time-series analysis of part of the flare and provide coarse constraints on the energy and frequency of such flares. We compare this flare with historical observations of flares around vB 10 and other ultracool M dwarfs and attempt to place limits on flare-induced atmospheric mass loss for hypothetical planets around vB 10.

AB - We present high-resolution observations of a flaring event in the M8 dwarf vB 10 using the near-infrared Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF) spectrograph on the Hobby-Eberly Telescope. The high stability of HPF enables us to accurately subtract a vB 10 quiescent spectrum from the flare spectrum to isolate the flare contributions and study the changes in the relative energy of the Ca ii infrared triplet, several Paschen lines, the He λ10830 triplet lines, and to select iron and magnesium lines in HPF's bandpass. Our analysis reveals the presence of a red asymmetry in the He λ10830 triplet, which is similar to signatures of coronal rain in the Sun. Photometry of the flare derived from an acquisition camera before spectroscopic observations and the ability to extract spectra from up-the-ramp observations with the HPF infrared detector enable us to perform time-series analysis of part of the flare and provide coarse constraints on the energy and frequency of such flares. We compare this flare with historical observations of flares around vB 10 and other ultracool M dwarfs and attempt to place limits on flare-induced atmospheric mass loss for hypothetical planets around vB 10.

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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85125877433&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ac3e61

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ac3e61

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85125877433

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 925

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 2

M1 - 155

ER -

High-resolution Near-infrared Spectroscopy of a Flare around the Ultracool Dwarf vB 10

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