@article{e57a65ccbabf4fc3ae2ae1869e5f3d76,
title = "Highly functionalized organic nitrates in the southeast United States: Contribution to secondary organic aerosol and reactive nitrogen budgets",
abstract = "Speciated particle-phase organic nitrates (pONs) were quantified using online chemical ionization MS during June and July of 2013 in rural Alabama as part of the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study. A large fraction of pONs is highly functionalized, possessing between six and eight oxygen atoms within each carbon number group, and is not the common first generation alkyl nitrates previously reported. Using calibrations for isoprene hydroxynitrates and the measured molecular compositions, we estimate that pONs account for 3% and 8% of total submicrometer organic aerosol mass, on average, during the day and night, respectively. Each of the isoprene- and monoterpenes-derived groups exhibited a strong diel trend consistent with the emission patterns of likely biogenic hydrocarbon precursors. An observationally constrained diel box model can replicate the observed pON assuming that pONs (i) are produced in the gas phase and rapidly establish gas- particle equilibrium and (ii) have a short particle-phase lifetime (2-4 h). Such dynamic behavior has significant implications for the production and phase partitioning of pONs, organic aerosol mass, and reactive nitrogen speciation in a forested environment.",
author = "Lee, {Ben H.} and Claudia Mohr and Lopez-Hilfiker, {Felipe D.} and Anna Lutz and Mattias Hallquist and Lance Lee and Paul Romer and Cohen, {Ronald C.} and Siddharth Iyer and Theo Kurt{\'e}n and Weiwei Hu and Day, {Douglas A.} and Pedro Campuzano-Jost and Jimenez, {Jose L.} and Lu Xu and Ng, {Nga Lee} and Hongyu Guo and Weber, {Rodney J.} and Wild, {Robert J.} and Brown, {Steven S.} and Abigail Koss and {De Gouw}, Joost and Kevin Olson and Goldstein, {Allen H.} and Roger Seco and Saewung Kim and Kevin McAvey and Shepson, {Paul B.} and Tim Starn and Karsten Baumann and Edgerton, {Eric S.} and Jiumeng Liu and Shilling, {John E.} and Miller, {David O.} and William Brune and Siegfried Schobesberger and D'Ambro, {Emma L.} and Thornton, {Joel A.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank all of the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) team members, in particular Annmarie G. Carlton (Rutgers University) and Steve B. Bertman (Western Michigan University). We thank Paul O. Wennberg (California Institute of Technology) for helpful suggestions on analysis. We also thank Matthieu Riva and Jason Surratt (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) for allowing us access to their sulfated ON dataset. The FIGAERO HRToF-CIMS was developed with funding from the US Department of Energy Small Business Innovation and Research Program Grant DE-SC0004577 (to J.A.T.) and Atmospheric System Research Program Grants DE-SC0006867 (to J.A.T.) and DE-SC0011791 (to J.A.T.). Its deployment at the SOAS campaign was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER Award ATM-0846183 (to J.A.T.). The University of Gothenburg group was supported by Swedish Research Council Formas Grant 214-2010- 1756. The University of Helsinki group was supported by the Academy of Finland. Funding for B.H.L. was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate (NOAA) and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. The University of California, Berkeley group was supported by NSF Grants AGS-1120076 (to R.C.C.) and AGS-1352972 (to R.C.C.). The Georgia Institute of Technology group was supported by NSF Grant 1242258 (to R. J. Weber) and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) STAR Grants RD-83540301 (early career; to N.L.N.) and R835410 (to N.L.N.). The University of Colorado Boulder group was supported by NSF Grant AGS 1243354 (to J.L.J.) and NOAA Grant NA13OAR4310063 (to J.L.J.). The University of California, Irvine group was supported by US EPA STAR Research Program R835400 (S.K.). The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory group was supported by the US Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research Program (J.E.S.). The Purdue University group was supported by NSF Grant AGS 1228496 (to P.B.S.). The University of California, Berkeley group was supported by NSF Grant AGS- 1250569 (to A.H.G.) and EPA STAR Grant 835407 (to A.H.G.). Funding for the SOAS ground site was provided by Southern Company and the Electric Power Research Institute.",
year = "2016",
month = feb,
day = "9",
doi = "10.1073/pnas.1508108113",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "113",
pages = "1516--1521",
journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
issn = "0027-8424",
publisher = "National Academy of Sciences",
number = "6",
}