How do different populations of three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus combine spatial information?

Populations of three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus originating from contrasting habitats were studied to determine if habitat can affect the ability to combine spatial cues. Previous work has shown that different species combine spatial cues in different ways, and this study showed these differences also arose within a species: all fish were able to use geometrical cues to locate a maze exit, but only fish collected from river populations combined geometric cues with a non-geometric global landmark cue.