TY - JOUR
T1 - HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS Method for the Rapid and Sensitive Quantitation of 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline in Single Rice Kernels
AU - Hopfer, Helene
AU - Jodari, Farman
AU - Negre-Zakharov, Florence
AU - Wylie, Phillip L.
AU - Ebeler, Susan E.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the California Department of Food and Agriculture and the California Rice Research Board (Grant No. RR13-10), and the Food Safety & Measurement Facility, UC Davis, which is supported by loans and donations from Agilent Technologies, Gerstel US, and Constellation Brands.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2016/5/25
Y1 - 2016/5/25
N2 - Demand for aromatic rice varieties (e.g., Basmati) is increasing in the US. Aromatic varieties typically have elevated levels of the aroma compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP). Due to its very low aroma threshold, analysis of 2AP provides a useful screening tool for rice breeders. Methods for 2AP analysis in rice should quantitate 2AP at or below sensory threshold level, avoid artifactual 2AP generation, and be able to analyze single rice kernels in cases where only small sample quantities are available (e.g., breeding trials). We combined headspace solid phase microextraction with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS) for analysis of 2AP, using an extraction temperature of 40 °C and a stable isotopologue as internal standard. 2AP calibrations were linear between the concentrations of 53 and 5380 pg/g, with detection limits below the sensory threshold of 2AP. Forty-eight aromatic and nonaromatic, milled rice samples from three harvest years were screened with the method for their 2AP content, and overall reproducibility, observed for all samples, ranged from 5% for experimental aromatic lines to 33% for nonaromatic lines.
AB - Demand for aromatic rice varieties (e.g., Basmati) is increasing in the US. Aromatic varieties typically have elevated levels of the aroma compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP). Due to its very low aroma threshold, analysis of 2AP provides a useful screening tool for rice breeders. Methods for 2AP analysis in rice should quantitate 2AP at or below sensory threshold level, avoid artifactual 2AP generation, and be able to analyze single rice kernels in cases where only small sample quantities are available (e.g., breeding trials). We combined headspace solid phase microextraction with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS) for analysis of 2AP, using an extraction temperature of 40 °C and a stable isotopologue as internal standard. 2AP calibrations were linear between the concentrations of 53 and 5380 pg/g, with detection limits below the sensory threshold of 2AP. Forty-eight aromatic and nonaromatic, milled rice samples from three harvest years were screened with the method for their 2AP content, and overall reproducibility, observed for all samples, ranged from 5% for experimental aromatic lines to 33% for nonaromatic lines.
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U2 - 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00703
DO - 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00703
M3 - Article
C2 - 27133457
AN - SCOPUS:84973171106
SN - 0021-8561
VL - 64
SP - 4114
EP - 4120
JO - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
IS - 20
ER -