Hydrothermal synthesis of ceramic powders using microwave oven

Hydrothermal processing is genuinely one of low temperature techniques for ceramic materials. A recent innovation to hydrothermal synthesis of ceramic particles was the introduction of microwave at the temperature range of 100 to 200°C. The microwave hydrothermal technique leads to (a) rapid heating to reaction temperature, (b) enhancement of reaction kinetics by one to two orders of magnitudes which also save reaction time and energy, and (c) formation of smaller size of ceramic powders. In this study, the effect of microwave radiation on the hydrothermal synthesis of α-Fe₂O₃, NaY-type zeolite and hydroxyapatite crystals at 100 to 160°C and their properties are introduced.