TY - JOUR
T1 - Hyperthermia increases intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cells
AU - Lefor, A. T.
AU - Foster, C. E.
AU - Sartor, W.
AU - Engbrecht, B.
AU - Fabian, D. F.
AU - Silverman, D.
AU - Kim, B.
PY - 1994
Y1 - 1994
N2 - Background. We observed that the synergistic combination of immunotherapy and whole-body hyperthermia is active against large well-vascularized tumors but not microscopic tumors, and we therefore hypothesized that hyperthermia may act on lymphocyte-endothelial cell interactions. We undertook these studies to evaluate the effect of hyperthermia on lymphocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Methods. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and normal peripheral blood lymphocytes were used. HUVEC were cultured to confluence. Treatment groups included control, hyperthermia alone (41° C for 2 hours), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) alone, or hyperthermia + interferon-γ. 51Cr-labeled peripheral blood lymphocytes were allowed to adhere to treated HUVEC, and nonadhering cells were washed away. Adherent cells were lysed and counted in a γ-counter, calculating an adhesion index compared to controls. The experiment was then conducted with the addition of anti-intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) antibody. Cell surface ICAM expression was determined with double monoclonal antibody staining and fluorescence- activated cell sorter analysis, and soluble ICAM secretion was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in each group. Results. In a representative experiment, interferon-γ increased adhesion by a factor of 1.81 (p < 0.05) compared with control and hyperthermia by 1.38 (p < 0.05) and combined treatment by a factor of 2.43 (p < 0.05). Anti-ICAM antibody abrogated the increased adhesion caused by hyperthermia but did not abrogate the effect of interferon-γ. Although only 26% of control cells expressed ICAM-1 on the cell surface, interferon-γ increased expression to 53% (p < 0.05), hyperthermia increased expression to 38% (p < 0.05), and combined treatment increased expression to 61% (p < 0.05). Soluble ICAM-1 was not increased 12 hours after treatment, but by 24 hours significant (p < 0.05) differences (control 0.262 ng/ml, IFN alone 1.50, hyperthermia alone 1.57, and combined 2.71) were noted. Conclusions. These results suggest that hyperthermia has a significant effect on lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, at least in part mediated by ICAM-1. Cell surface ICAM-1 is increased at 12 hours, and soluble ICAM-1 is increased at 24 hours. These data suggest that hyperthermia may function by increasing lymphocyte adhesion, providing another locus of action to improve clinical results with immunotherapy.
AB - Background. We observed that the synergistic combination of immunotherapy and whole-body hyperthermia is active against large well-vascularized tumors but not microscopic tumors, and we therefore hypothesized that hyperthermia may act on lymphocyte-endothelial cell interactions. We undertook these studies to evaluate the effect of hyperthermia on lymphocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Methods. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and normal peripheral blood lymphocytes were used. HUVEC were cultured to confluence. Treatment groups included control, hyperthermia alone (41° C for 2 hours), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) alone, or hyperthermia + interferon-γ. 51Cr-labeled peripheral blood lymphocytes were allowed to adhere to treated HUVEC, and nonadhering cells were washed away. Adherent cells were lysed and counted in a γ-counter, calculating an adhesion index compared to controls. The experiment was then conducted with the addition of anti-intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) antibody. Cell surface ICAM expression was determined with double monoclonal antibody staining and fluorescence- activated cell sorter analysis, and soluble ICAM secretion was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in each group. Results. In a representative experiment, interferon-γ increased adhesion by a factor of 1.81 (p < 0.05) compared with control and hyperthermia by 1.38 (p < 0.05) and combined treatment by a factor of 2.43 (p < 0.05). Anti-ICAM antibody abrogated the increased adhesion caused by hyperthermia but did not abrogate the effect of interferon-γ. Although only 26% of control cells expressed ICAM-1 on the cell surface, interferon-γ increased expression to 53% (p < 0.05), hyperthermia increased expression to 38% (p < 0.05), and combined treatment increased expression to 61% (p < 0.05). Soluble ICAM-1 was not increased 12 hours after treatment, but by 24 hours significant (p < 0.05) differences (control 0.262 ng/ml, IFN alone 1.50, hyperthermia alone 1.57, and combined 2.71) were noted. Conclusions. These results suggest that hyperthermia has a significant effect on lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, at least in part mediated by ICAM-1. Cell surface ICAM-1 is increased at 12 hours, and soluble ICAM-1 is increased at 24 hours. These data suggest that hyperthermia may function by increasing lymphocyte adhesion, providing another locus of action to improve clinical results with immunotherapy.
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M3 - Article
C2 - 7914035
AN - SCOPUS:0028003715
SN - 0039-6060
VL - 116
SP - 214
EP - 221
JO - Surgery
JF - Surgery
IS - 2
ER -