@inproceedings{5fb03053de744e40b757ea52fdbaa93b,
title = "Impedance spectroscopy of PZT ceramics - Measuring diffusion coefficients, mixed conduction and Pb loss",
abstract = "Sintering of PZT at high temperatures results in loss of Pb unless an ambient Pb activity is maintained. The tell-tale sign of Pb loss is an increased conductivity, usually manifested in unacceptably high values of tan δ. The conductivity is caused by oxygen vacancies and/or electron holes which are a by-product of Pb evaporation.",
author = "Donnelly, {Niall J.} and Randall, {Clive A.}",
year = "2011",
doi = "10.1109/ISAF.2011.6014108",
language = "English (US)",
isbn = "9781457711626",
series = "2011 International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics and 2011 International Symposium on Piezoresponse Force Microscopy and Nanoscale Phenomena in Polar Materials, ISAF/PFM 2011",
booktitle = "2011 International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics and 2011 International Symposium on Piezoresponse Force Microscopy and Nanoscale Phenomena in Polar Materials, ISAF/PFM 2011",
note = "2011 International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics and 2011 International Symposium on Piezoresponse Force Microscopy and Nanoscale Phenomena in Polar Materials, ISAF/PFM 2011 ; Conference date: 24-07-2011 Through 27-07-2011",
}