Importance of low-level jets to climate: A review

Low-level jets (LLJs) occur frequently in many parts of the world. These low-level wind speed maxima are important for both the horizontal and vertical fluxes of temperature and moisture and have been found to be associated with the development and evolution of deep convection. Since deep convective activity produces a significant amount of upper-level cloudiness and is responsible for a large fraction of the warm season rainfall in the United States, the relationship between LLJs and deep convection suggests that LLJs are important contributors to regional climate. Results from a number of past studies are reviewed, and the potential for data from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program to augment our understanding of low-level jets is discussed.