Improved accuracy of the NPL-CsF2 primary frequency standard: Evaluation of distributed cavity phase and microwave lensing frequency shifts

Ruoxin Li, Kurt Gibble, Krzysztof Szymaniec

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

126 Scopus citations

Abstract

We evaluate the distributed cavity phase (DCP) and microwave lensing frequency shifts, which were the two largest sources of uncertainty for the NPL-CsF2 caesium fountain clock. We report measurements that confirm a detailed theoretical model of the microwave cavity fields and the frequency shifts of the clock that they produce. The model and measurements significantly reduce the DCP uncertainty to 1.1 × 10-16. We derive the microwave lensing frequency shift for a cylindrical cavity with circular apertures. An analytic result with reasonable approximations is given, in addition to a full calculation that indicates a shift of 6.2 × 10-17. The measurements and theoretical models we report, along with improved evaluations of collisional and microwave leakage induced frequency shifts, reduce the frequency uncertainty of the NPL-CsF2 standard to 2.3 × 10-16, nearly a factor of two lower than its most recent complete evaluation.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number007
Pages (from-to)283-289
Number of pages7
JournalMetrologia
Volume48
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - 2011

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • General Engineering

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