In situ imaging of liquid water and ice formation in an operating PEFC during cold start

Engineering & Materials Science

• Ice 69%
• Electrolytes 66%
• Fuel cells 61%
• Imaging techniques 52%
• Polymers 50%
• Catalysts 46%
• Liquids 45%
• Cathodes 40%
• Water 37%
• Diffusion in gases 17%
• Temperature 16%
• Silver 14%
• Freezing 14%
• Phase transitions 14%
• Current density 13%
• Gases 7%

Physics & Astronomy

• ice formation 100%
• fuel cells 79%
• electrolytes 56%
• catalysts 50%
• polymers 39%
• water 38%
• liquids 36%
• cathodes 33%
• subzero temperature 21%
• gaseous diffusion 17%
• melting points 13%
• solid phases 12%
• mesh 12%
• surface layers 11%
• silver 11%
• vapor phases 10%
• current density 9%
• temperature 4%

Chemical Compounds

• Cathode 37%
• Catalyst 28%
• Freezing Point Depression 26%
• Gas 18%
• Current Density 12%
• Surface 10%
• Diffusion 10%