In situ imaging of liquid water and ice formation in an operating PEFC during cold start

Keyphrases

• Liquid Water 100%
• Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) 100%
• Cathode Catalyst Layer 100%
• Catalyst Layer 100%
• In Situ Imaging 100%
• Ice Formation 100%
• Phase Transition 50%
• Water Transport 50%
• Gas Phase 50%
• Current Density 50%
• Water Droplet 50%
• Solid Phase 50%
• Transparent Polymer 50%
• Subzero Temperature 50%
• Cathode Diffusion Layer 50%
• Freezing Point Depression 50%
• Silver Mesh 50%

Engineering

• Catalyst Layer 100%
• Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells 100%
• Cold Start 100%
• Gas Diffusion Layer 25%
• Gas-Phase 25%
• Direct Observation 25%
• Transparent Polymer 25%
• Freezing Point Depression 25%