Inferring likelihoods and climate system characteristics from climate models and multiple tracers

K. Sham Bhat, Murali Haran, Roman Olson, Klaus Keller

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

24 Scopus citations

Abstract

Characterizing the risks of anthropogenic climate change poses considerable statistical challenges. A key problem is how to combine the information contained in large-scale observational data sets with simulations of Earth system models in a statistically sound and computationally tractable manner. Here, we describe a statistical approach for improving projections of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). The AMOC is part of the global ocean conveyor belt circulation and transfers heat between low and high latitudes in the Atlantic basin. The AMOC might collapse in a "tipping point" response to anthropogenic climate forcings. Assessing the risk of an AMOC collapse is of considerable interest because it may result in major impacts on natural and human systems. AMOC projections rely on simulations from complex climate models. One key source of uncertainty in AMOC projections is uncertainty about background ocean vertical diffusivity (Kv), an important model parameter. Kv cannot be directly observed but can be inferred by combining climate model output with observations on the oceans (so-called tracers). Here, we combine information from multiple tracers, each observed on a spatial grid. Our two-stage approach emulates the computationally expensive climate model using a flexible hierarchical model to connect the tracers. We then infer Kv using our emulator and the observations via a Bayesian approach, accounting for observation error and model discrepancy. We utilize kernel mixing and matrix identities in our Gaussian process model to considerably reduce the computational burdens imposed by the large data sets. We find that our approach is flexible, reduces identifiability issues, and enables inference about Kv based on large data sets. We use the resulting inference about Kv to improve probabilistic projections of the AMOC.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)345-362
Number of pages18
JournalEnvironmetrics
Volume23
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 2012

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Statistics and Probability
  • Ecological Modeling

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Inferring likelihoods and climate system characteristics from climate models and multiple tracers'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this