Insomnia with objective short sleep duration

The insomnia with short sleep duration (ISS) phenotype is a multidimensional, multimethod approach to better understand the pathophysiology, course and impact of insomnia as a heterogeneous disorder. The ISS phenotype is linked to physiologic hyperarousal and adverse cardiovascular, metabolic and neurocognitive outcomes, and shares with the normal sleep duration (INS) phenotype its link with cortical arousal and adverse psychiatric outcomes. While the INS phenotype is linked to sleep misperception and is more likely to remit, the ISS phenotype has a persistent, unremitting course. This insomnia phenotyping may improve our current nosology and help develop more precise treatment approaches.