Integrated circuits based on two-dimensional materials

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have seen considerable advancements over the last decade, including improvements in growth techniques, device performance, and circuit integration. Additionally, a large number of field-effect transistors (FETs) have been integrated into analog, digital, mixed signal circuits for enabling applications such as neuromorphic and bio-inspired computing, near-sensor processing, and hardware security. More recently, monolithic and heterogenous three-dimensional (3D) integration of 2D FETs have gained significant attention. While these developments are promising, achieving p-type 2D FETs for complementary logic circuits remains a challenge. This paper reviews the progress in integrated circuits based on 2D materials and highlights future opportunities and challenges that need to be addressed for their adoption in commercial electronics.