Integration of QFD and Utility Theory to Improve End-User Satisfaction in the Design of High-Performance Buildings

Ever since the first global oil crisis in the seventies, the shortage of fossil fuels, which is considered as the number one resource for energy carrier, has emphasized the need of modern society on cheap energy and resources. Over short or long term, that circumstance is compelling people to consider global energy strategies and accordingly take proper measures. Along with a limited supply of carbon based fuels worldwide, the impact of the carbon footprint - the effect of an increasing carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration in the earth's atmosphere and its consequence on the global climate - has become indubitably clear. Recent studies show that building sector consumes significant amounts of energy and is responsible for a considerable amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Studies show that amongst several factors contributing to the building energy performance, occupant behavior is one of the driving factors. According to these studies building characteristics and the quality of indoor environment significantly influence the level of satisfaction and efficiency of occupants in buildings. Therefore, a proper design is needed to increase building occupant's satisfaction and efficiency. To determine the best design strategy, several building envelope materials as well as occupant behaviors should be considered as design variables in the design process. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a proper weighting system for different strategies to secure occupants' satisfaction as well as constructors' consent. To achieve this objective, a quality function deployment (QFD) method is utilized to identify, translate, and implement the end-user requirements into the design process. In addition, the utility theory is used to reflect the constructors' perception on usefulness and practicality of end user requirements. The insights from this study will aid in developing better decision making system and more viable alternatives.