Intraoperative Nuances of Awake Craniotomy <Surgical Nuances, Awake Craniotomy>

Awake craniotomy (AC) with intraoperative brain mapping is a neurosurgical technique used to obtain maximal safe resections in eloquent brain areas [1]. It is commonly employed in neuro-oncology and functional neurosurgery [2]. This technique can also be used to access deep brain lesions that require manipulation of more superficial eloquent sites [3]. Successful coordination between the neurosurgeon, neuro-anesthesiologist, nurses, patients, and other participating personnel during the procedure is tantamount to a successful operation [4]. It is a procedure that requires practice and repetition to provide the most benefit for patients. There are steps in the process that are not only rehearsed but anticipated so that mistakes may be avoided.