Investigation of growth mechanism for highly oriented TiO2 nanorods: the role of reaction time and annealing temperature

Bharat R. Bade; Sachin Rondiya; Somnath R. Bhopale; Nelson Y. Dzade; Mahesh M. Kamble; Avinash Rokade; Mamta P. Nasane; Mahendra A. More; Sandesh R. Jadkar; Adinath M. Funde

doi:10.1007/s42452-019-0978-2

Investigation of growth mechanism for highly oriented TiO₂ nanorods: the role of reaction time and annealing temperature

Bharat R. Bade, Sachin Rondiya, Somnath R. Bhopale, Nelson Y. Dzade, Mahesh M. Kamble, Avinash Rokade, Mamta P. Nasane, Mahendra A. More, Sandesh R. Jadkar, Adinath M. Funde

John and Willie Leone Department of Energy & Mineral Engineering (EME)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

20 Scopus citations

Abstract

Abstract: Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is a versatile and inexpensive material for extended applicability in several scientific and technological fields including photo-catalysis for industrial waste treatment, energy harvesting, and hydrogen production. In this work, we report the synthesis of TiO₂ thin film using hydrothermal method and investigations on the influence of reaction time and annealing temperature on growth mechanism of the TiO₂ nanorods. The synthesized TiO₂ films were studied by using UV–visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The XRD and Raman measurements revealed the formation of defect free and pure tetragonal TiO₂ rutile phase. The TiO₂ thin films show absorption band edge at around 420 nm in the UV–visible spectrum and exhibit direct band gap value of 2.9 eV. The TiO₂ nanorods are demonstrated to grow randomly on the FTO substrate with changing reaction times but grow uniformly in a flower-like pattern with increasing annealing temperature. Investigation of the field emission properties of TiO₂ thin films (tested as field-emitter array) estimates the turn-on and threshold field at 4.06 and 7.06 V/µm at 10 and 100 µA/cm², respectively. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

Original language	English (US)
Article number	1073
Journal	SN Applied Sciences
Volume	1
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-0978-2
State	Published - Sep 2019

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Engineering(all)
Environmental Science(all)
Materials Science(all)
Physics and Astronomy(all)
Chemical Engineering(all)
Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)

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10.1007/s42452-019-0978-2

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@article{63172582afcf40fbaa2d574a5cfdb5df,

title = "Investigation of growth mechanism for highly oriented TiO2 nanorods: the role of reaction time and annealing temperature",

abstract = "Abstract: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a versatile and inexpensive material for extended applicability in several scientific and technological fields including photo-catalysis for industrial waste treatment, energy harvesting, and hydrogen production. In this work, we report the synthesis of TiO2 thin film using hydrothermal method and investigations on the influence of reaction time and annealing temperature on growth mechanism of the TiO2 nanorods. The synthesized TiO2 films were studied by using UV–visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The XRD and Raman measurements revealed the formation of defect free and pure tetragonal TiO2 rutile phase. The TiO2 thin films show absorption band edge at around 420 nm in the UV–visible spectrum and exhibit direct band gap value of 2.9 eV. The TiO2 nanorods are demonstrated to grow randomly on the FTO substrate with changing reaction times but grow uniformly in a flower-like pattern with increasing annealing temperature. Investigation of the field emission properties of TiO2 thin films (tested as field-emitter array) estimates the turn-on and threshold field at 4.06 and 7.06 V/µm at 10 and 100 µA/cm2, respectively. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]",

author = "Bade, {Bharat R.} and Sachin Rondiya and Bhopale, {Somnath R.} and Dzade, {Nelson Y.} and Kamble, {Mahesh M.} and Avinash Rokade and Nasane, {Mamta P.} and More, {Mahendra A.} and Jadkar, {Sandesh R.} and Funde, {Adinath M.}",

note = "Funding Information: N. Y. D. acknowledges the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) for funding (Grant No. EP/S001395/1). This work has also used the computational facilities of the Advanced Research Computing at Cardiff (ARCCA) Division, Cardiff University, and HPC Wales. The author A. M. F. acknowledges Exide Industries Limited for establishment and use of facilities at EXIDE-SPPU Centre of Excellence in Energy Storage on Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus. Funding Information: N. Y. D. acknowledges the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) for funding (Grant No. EP/S001395/1). This work has also used the computational facilities of the Advanced Research Computing at Cardiff (ARCCA) Division, Cardiff University, and HPC Wales. The author A. M. F. acknowledges Exide Industries Limited for establishment and use of facilities at EXIDE-SPPU Centre of Excellence in Energy Storage on Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019, The Author(s).",

year = "2019",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1007/s42452-019-0978-2",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "1",

journal = "SN Applied Sciences",

issn = "2523-3971",

publisher = "Springer Nature",

number = "9",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Investigation of growth mechanism for highly oriented TiO2 nanorods

T2 - the role of reaction time and annealing temperature

AU - Bade, Bharat R.

AU - Rondiya, Sachin

AU - Bhopale, Somnath R.

AU - Dzade, Nelson Y.

AU - Kamble, Mahesh M.

AU - Rokade, Avinash

AU - Nasane, Mamta P.

AU - More, Mahendra A.

AU - Jadkar, Sandesh R.

AU - Funde, Adinath M.

N1 - Funding Information: N. Y. D. acknowledges the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) for funding (Grant No. EP/S001395/1). This work has also used the computational facilities of the Advanced Research Computing at Cardiff (ARCCA) Division, Cardiff University, and HPC Wales. The author A. M. F. acknowledges Exide Industries Limited for establishment and use of facilities at EXIDE-SPPU Centre of Excellence in Energy Storage on Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus. Funding Information: N. Y. D. acknowledges the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) for funding (Grant No. EP/S001395/1). This work has also used the computational facilities of the Advanced Research Computing at Cardiff (ARCCA) Division, Cardiff University, and HPC Wales. The author A. M. F. acknowledges Exide Industries Limited for establishment and use of facilities at EXIDE-SPPU Centre of Excellence in Energy Storage on Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus. Publisher Copyright: © 2019, The Author(s).

PY - 2019/9

Y1 - 2019/9

N2 - Abstract: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a versatile and inexpensive material for extended applicability in several scientific and technological fields including photo-catalysis for industrial waste treatment, energy harvesting, and hydrogen production. In this work, we report the synthesis of TiO2 thin film using hydrothermal method and investigations on the influence of reaction time and annealing temperature on growth mechanism of the TiO2 nanorods. The synthesized TiO2 films were studied by using UV–visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The XRD and Raman measurements revealed the formation of defect free and pure tetragonal TiO2 rutile phase. The TiO2 thin films show absorption band edge at around 420 nm in the UV–visible spectrum and exhibit direct band gap value of 2.9 eV. The TiO2 nanorods are demonstrated to grow randomly on the FTO substrate with changing reaction times but grow uniformly in a flower-like pattern with increasing annealing temperature. Investigation of the field emission properties of TiO2 thin films (tested as field-emitter array) estimates the turn-on and threshold field at 4.06 and 7.06 V/µm at 10 and 100 µA/cm2, respectively. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

AB - Abstract: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a versatile and inexpensive material for extended applicability in several scientific and technological fields including photo-catalysis for industrial waste treatment, energy harvesting, and hydrogen production. In this work, we report the synthesis of TiO2 thin film using hydrothermal method and investigations on the influence of reaction time and annealing temperature on growth mechanism of the TiO2 nanorods. The synthesized TiO2 films were studied by using UV–visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The XRD and Raman measurements revealed the formation of defect free and pure tetragonal TiO2 rutile phase. The TiO2 thin films show absorption band edge at around 420 nm in the UV–visible spectrum and exhibit direct band gap value of 2.9 eV. The TiO2 nanorods are demonstrated to grow randomly on the FTO substrate with changing reaction times but grow uniformly in a flower-like pattern with increasing annealing temperature. Investigation of the field emission properties of TiO2 thin films (tested as field-emitter array) estimates the turn-on and threshold field at 4.06 and 7.06 V/µm at 10 and 100 µA/cm2, respectively. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

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U2 - 10.1007/s42452-019-0978-2

DO - 10.1007/s42452-019-0978-2

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JF - SN Applied Sciences

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Investigation of growth mechanism for highly oriented TiO₂ nanorods: the role of reaction time and annealing temperature

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