Irreversible inhibition of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase of trypanosoma bru cei bru cei by S-adenosylmethionine analogues

S-Adenosylmethionine analogues designed as active-site directed inhibitors were tested in vitro for their effects on S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) of Trypanosoma brucei brucei. These analogues contained a tertiary nitrogen atom in place of the sulfonium and had a side chain of variable length ending in a reactive group (hydrazino-, aminooxy-, hydrazido- or a methylnitrosourea). The hydrazino- derivatives were the most potent inhibitors with ic₅₀ values in the range of 40-100 nM. The most active compound (ic₅₀ of 0.04 μM) was 5'-deoxy-5'-[(2-hydrazinoethyl)-methylamino] adenosine (MHZEA). Addition of MHZEA produced a time-dependent inactivation with an apparent K_i, of 0.4 μM, and the enzyme half-life at a saturating concentration of MHZEA was 0.4 min. Increasing the length of the side chain or changing the methyl group attached to the nitrogen to an ethyl group reduced the potency. Replacement of the hydrazino moiety with an aminooxy group resulted in about a 30- to 35-fold decrease in inhibition potency. However, the relative order of activities of these aminooxy analogues was similar to that found in the hydrazino series with 5'-deoxy-5'-[(2-arninooxyethyl) methylamino]adenosine (MAOEA), which had an ic₅₀ of 1.3 μM, being the most active. The hydrazido analogs were even less effective with 5'-deoxy-5'-[(3-hydrazino-3-oxopropyl)-methylamino] adenosine, the best inhibitor, having an ic₅₀, value of 8.7 μM. The methylnitrosourea derivatives were inactive. The inactivation of trypanosomal AdoMetDC with MHZEA or MAOEA was irreversible and was greatly stimulated by putrescine, a known activator of the enzyme, indicating that the compounds bind to the active site and form a covalent bond with the enzyme. These inhibitors may have considerable potential as chemotherapeutic agents against trypanosomiasis and other protozoal infections and may also be useful in studying the role of AdoMetDC in the regulation of polyamine levels in these organisms.