TY - JOUR
T1 - Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) in mobile health
T2 - Key components and design principles for ongoing health behavior support
AU - Nahum-Shani, Inbal
AU - Smith, Shawna N.
AU - Spring, Bonnie J.
AU - Collins, Linda M.
AU - Witkiewitz, Katie
AU - Tewari, Ambuj
AU - Murphy, Susan A.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Daniel Almirall, Dror Ben-Zeev, Andrew Isham, and Dave Gustafson for their helpful feedback and advice. This project was supported by awards R01 DA039901, R01 AA022113, R01 HD073975, R21 AA018336, R01 AA023187, R01 HL125440, U54 EB020404, R01 DK108678, R01 DK097364, P50 DA039838, P01 CA180945, R01 DK097364, and R01 AA022931 from the National Institutes of Health, and awards IIS-1452099 and IIS-1545751 from the National Science Foundation. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding organizations.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Society of Behavioral Medicine 2017
PY - 2018/5/18
Y1 - 2018/5/18
N2 - Background The just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) is an intervention design aiming to provide the right type/amount of support, at the right time, by adapting to an individual's changing internal and contextual state. The availability of increasingly powerful mobile and sensing technologies underpins the use of JITAIs to support health behavior, as in such a setting an individual's state can change rapidly, unexpectedly, and in his/her natural environment. Purpose Despite the increasing use and appeal of JITAIs, a major gap exists between the growing technological capabilities for delivering JITAIs and research on the development and evaluation of these interventions. Many JITAIs have been developed with minimal use of empirical evidence, theory, or accepted treatment guidelines. Here, we take an essential first step towards bridging this gap. Methods Building on health behavior theories and the extant literature on JITAIs, we clarify the scientific motivation for JITAIs, define their fundamental components, and highlight design principles related to these components. Examples of JITAIs from various domains of health behavior research are used for illustration. Conclusion As we enter a new era of technological capacity for delivering JITAIs, it is critical that researchers develop sophisticated and nuanced health behavior theories capable of guiding the construction of such interventions. Particular attention has to be given to better understanding the implications of providing timely and ecologically sound support for intervention adherence and retention.
AB - Background The just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) is an intervention design aiming to provide the right type/amount of support, at the right time, by adapting to an individual's changing internal and contextual state. The availability of increasingly powerful mobile and sensing technologies underpins the use of JITAIs to support health behavior, as in such a setting an individual's state can change rapidly, unexpectedly, and in his/her natural environment. Purpose Despite the increasing use and appeal of JITAIs, a major gap exists between the growing technological capabilities for delivering JITAIs and research on the development and evaluation of these interventions. Many JITAIs have been developed with minimal use of empirical evidence, theory, or accepted treatment guidelines. Here, we take an essential first step towards bridging this gap. Methods Building on health behavior theories and the extant literature on JITAIs, we clarify the scientific motivation for JITAIs, define their fundamental components, and highlight design principles related to these components. Examples of JITAIs from various domains of health behavior research are used for illustration. Conclusion As we enter a new era of technological capacity for delivering JITAIs, it is critical that researchers develop sophisticated and nuanced health behavior theories capable of guiding the construction of such interventions. Particular attention has to be given to better understanding the implications of providing timely and ecologically sound support for intervention adherence and retention.
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U2 - 10.1007/s12160-016-9830-8
DO - 10.1007/s12160-016-9830-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 27663578
AN - SCOPUS:84988711922
SN - 0883-6612
VL - 52
SP - 446
EP - 462
JO - Annals of Behavioral Medicine
JF - Annals of Behavioral Medicine
IS - 6
ER -