Kazakhstan trade with its partners and the role of tenge: an asymmetric analysis

Previous research has shown that lack of any short-run and long-run relationship between the trade balance and the exchange rate could be due to ignoring non-linear adjustment of the exchange rate. In this paper, we introduce non-linearity of the exchange rate adjustment and consider the asymmetric response of Kazakhstan’s trade balance with each of its 13 trading partners. While we find short-run asymmetric response in almost all 13 models, short-run asymmetric effects translate into the long run only in the trade with Austria, China, France, and the U.S. Only in the trade with France a tenge depreciation had favorable long-run effects.