TY - JOUR
T1 - Larger increase in trait negative affect is associated with greater future cognitive decline and vice versa across 23 years
AU - Zainal, Nur Hani
AU - Newman, Michelle G.
N1 - Funding Information:
The Swedish adoption/twin study on the aging study was supported by the following funding agencies and grants: John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; Research Network on Successful Aging, United States Department of Health and Human Services; National Institutes of Health; National Institute on Aging (AG04563, AG10175, and AG08724); Swedish Research Council (825‐2007‐7460, 825‐2009‐6141, and 825‐3011‐6182); and Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research (97:0147:1B, 2009‐0795). The original investigators and funding agencies are not responsible for the analyses or interpretations presented here. The authors would like to thank Peter Molenaar for offering statistical consultation during the process of conducting data analyses.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
PY - 2021/2
Y1 - 2021/2
N2 - Background: Trait negative affect (NA) is a central feature of anxiety and depression disorders. Neurocognitive and scar models propose that within-person increase in NA across one period of time relates to a decline in cognitive functioning at a future period of time and vice versa. Yet, there has been little research on whether a within-person change in trait NA across one time-lag precedes and is associated with a change in cognition across a future time lag and vice versa. Due to a growing aging population, such knowledge can inform evidence-based prevention. Methods: Participants were 520 dementia-free community-dwelling adults (mean age = 59.76 years [standard deviation = 8.96], 58.08% females). Trait-level NA (negative emotionality scale), spatial cognition (block design and card rotations), verbal working memory (WM; digit span backward), and processing speed (symbol digit modalities) were assessed at five time points (waves) across 23 years. Bivariate dual latent change score (LCS) approaches were used to adjust for regression to the mean, lagged outcomes, and between-person variability. Results: Unique bivariate LCS models showed that within-person increase in trait NA across two sequential waves was related to declines in spatial cognition, verbal WM, and processing speed across the subsequent two waves. Moreover, within-person reductions in spatial cognition, verbal WM, and processing speed across two sequential waves were associated with future increases in trait NA across the subsequent two waves. Conclusions: Findings concur with neurobiological and scar theories of psychopathology. Furthermore, results support process-based emotion regulation models that highlight the importance of verbal WM, spatial cognition, and processing speed capacities for downregulating NA.
AB - Background: Trait negative affect (NA) is a central feature of anxiety and depression disorders. Neurocognitive and scar models propose that within-person increase in NA across one period of time relates to a decline in cognitive functioning at a future period of time and vice versa. Yet, there has been little research on whether a within-person change in trait NA across one time-lag precedes and is associated with a change in cognition across a future time lag and vice versa. Due to a growing aging population, such knowledge can inform evidence-based prevention. Methods: Participants were 520 dementia-free community-dwelling adults (mean age = 59.76 years [standard deviation = 8.96], 58.08% females). Trait-level NA (negative emotionality scale), spatial cognition (block design and card rotations), verbal working memory (WM; digit span backward), and processing speed (symbol digit modalities) were assessed at five time points (waves) across 23 years. Bivariate dual latent change score (LCS) approaches were used to adjust for regression to the mean, lagged outcomes, and between-person variability. Results: Unique bivariate LCS models showed that within-person increase in trait NA across two sequential waves was related to declines in spatial cognition, verbal WM, and processing speed across the subsequent two waves. Moreover, within-person reductions in spatial cognition, verbal WM, and processing speed across two sequential waves were associated with future increases in trait NA across the subsequent two waves. Conclusions: Findings concur with neurobiological and scar theories of psychopathology. Furthermore, results support process-based emotion regulation models that highlight the importance of verbal WM, spatial cognition, and processing speed capacities for downregulating NA.
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U2 - 10.1002/da.23093
DO - 10.1002/da.23093
M3 - Article
C2 - 32840954
AN - SCOPUS:85089780559
SN - 1091-4269
VL - 38
SP - 146
EP - 160
JO - Depression and anxiety
JF - Depression and anxiety
IS - 2
ER -