Laser applications in surface treatment: a comprehensive review

Laser-based surface treatment techniques have revolutionized the material processing industry with their unparalleled precision and versatility in modifying material properties. These techniques are widely used in various sectors such as manufacturing, medical, automotive, aerospace, etc. Techniques such as annealing, hardening, coating, surface treatment, and material deposition have gained prominence for their broad applicability across diverse industries. This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of recent developments in these methods, clarifying their underlying ideas, diverse range of applications, intrinsic benefits, and current difficulties. This review article offers a comprehensive summary of the most recent developments in these fields, emphasizing their benefits, drawbacks, applications, and principles.