Lifestyle Behavior Patterns and Socio-Demographic Predictors Among US College Students: Implications for Chronic Condition Risk and Public Health Interventions

Purpose: College students are uniquely positioned to develop healthy lifestyle behaviors that reduce chronic condition risk; however, disparities exist, and certain socio-demographic characteristics may impact behavior participation. Methods: Data were collected from a large, Northeastern US university from 2018–2024. Participants (n = 6197) self-reported their demographics, physical activity (PA: aerobic and muscle-strengthening (MS)), diet, sleep, and alcohol and substance use, which informed 6 latent class indicators: independently meeting aerobic and MS guidelines, meeting diet guidelines, obtaining frequent restful sleep, heavy alcohol use, and substance use. A four-class latent class model was deemed best for data fit. Regression covariates of sexual orientation, gender identity, certain racial/ethnic identities were included in models. Results: Four classes were identified: (1) healthy partygoer (36.8%), (2) balanced health seeker (9.6%), (3; referent) risky lifestyler (43.5%), (4) sedentary but health-conscious (10.0%). Identifying as a man, a sexual minority, and specific race/ethnicities significantly predicted class membership. Discussion: A moderate proportion of college students were classified as risky lifestylers and participated in health-diminishing behaviors over health-enhancing behaviors. Gender, sexual orientation, and race/ethnicity predicted membership in classes that may increase risk of chronic conditions, emphasizing the importance of tailored approaches to reduce threats to public health.