Lower prevalence of non–cavity-distorting uterine fibroids in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome than in those with unexplained infertility

Objective: To study whether there is a difference in the prevalence of non–cavity-distorting uterine fibroids between infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and those with unexplained infertility (UI). Design: A secondary analysis of data from three randomized clinical trials. Setting: Academic health centers. Patient(s): A total of 2,249 patients with normal uterine cavities. Interventions(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): The presence or absence of non–cavity-distorting fibroids. Result(s): Compared with women with UI, those with PCOS were younger, had a higher body mass index, and were more likely to be Hispanic or African American, with a lower percentage of previous conception and live birth, a higher percentage of current smokers, a lower percentage of current alcohol users, and higher total testosterone, fasting insulin, and homeostasis-model-assessment insulin resistance. The prevalence of women with non–cavity-distorting uterine fibroids was lower in women with PCOS than in those with UI (6.7% vs. 12.4%); this result held after patients were divided into Black and non-Black or into three different body mass index groups. After adjustment for all the other variables in the final model, patients with PCOS had a significantly lower prevalence of fibroids than those with UI (odds ratio 0.54). No differences in the prevalence of non–cavity-distorting fibroids with any dimensions ≥4 cm or the volume of the largest fibroid was found between the two groups. Conclusion(s): A lower prevalence of non–cavity-distorting uterine fibroids was found in infertile women with PCOS than in those with UI.