TY - JOUR
T1 - Macrolets
T2 - Outsized Extracellular Vesicles Released from Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages that Trap and Kill Escherichia coli
AU - Ding, Wei
AU - Rivera, Olivia C.
AU - Kelleher, Shannon L.
AU - Soybel, David I.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Nate Sheaffer, Jade Vogel, Jianhong Zhang (Pennsylvania State College of Medicine Flow Cytometry Core Facility), and Dr. Srinivas Koduru (Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Department of Surgery) for assistance with flow cytometry data collection. We also thank Dr. Thomas Abraham and Wade Edris (Pennsylvania State College of Medicine Imaging Core) for assistance with the collection of time-lapse images. We thank Dr. Han Chen (Pennsylvania State College of Medicine Imaging Core) for the technical support with the transmission electron microscopy. This work was supported by David L. Nahrwold Endowment and the Academic Enrichment Fund of the Department of Surgery, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine (D.I.S.).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020
PY - 2020/6/26
Y1 - 2020/6/26
N2 - Macrophages release a variety of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here we describe a previously unreported class of EVs that are released from macrophages in response to Escherichia coli endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), that we have named “macrolets” since they are extruded as large “droplets” released from macrophages. Morphologically, macrolets are anuclear, bounded by a single lipid membrane and structurally dependent on an actin cytoskeleton. Macrolets are enriched in tetraspanins and separable on this basis from their parent macrophages. Macrolets are distinguished from classic exosomes by their larger size (10–30 μm), discoid shape, and the presence of organelles. Macrolets are rich in both interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R),and are capable of trapping and killing E. coli in association with production of reactive oxygen species. Our observations offer insights into the mechanisms by which macrophage activities may be amplified in sites of infection, inflammation, and healing.
AB - Macrophages release a variety of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here we describe a previously unreported class of EVs that are released from macrophages in response to Escherichia coli endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), that we have named “macrolets” since they are extruded as large “droplets” released from macrophages. Morphologically, macrolets are anuclear, bounded by a single lipid membrane and structurally dependent on an actin cytoskeleton. Macrolets are enriched in tetraspanins and separable on this basis from their parent macrophages. Macrolets are distinguished from classic exosomes by their larger size (10–30 μm), discoid shape, and the presence of organelles. Macrolets are rich in both interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R),and are capable of trapping and killing E. coli in association with production of reactive oxygen species. Our observations offer insights into the mechanisms by which macrophage activities may be amplified in sites of infection, inflammation, and healing.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101135
DO - 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101135
M3 - Article
C2 - 32442747
AN - SCOPUS:85084707204
SN - 2589-0042
VL - 23
JO - iScience
JF - iScience
IS - 6
M1 - 101135
ER -