Malaria eradication within a generation: ambitious, achievable, and necessary

TY - JOUR

T1 - Malaria eradication within a generation

T2 - ambitious, achievable, and necessary

AU - Feachem, Richard G.A.

AU - Chen, Ingrid

AU - Akbari, Omar

AU - Bertozzi-Villa, Amelia

AU - Bhatt, Samir

AU - Binka, Fred

AU - Boni, Maciej F.

AU - Buckee, Caroline

AU - Dieleman, Joseph

AU - Dondorp, Arjen

AU - Eapen, Alex

AU - Sekhri Feachem, Neelam

AU - Filler, Scott

AU - Gething, Peter

AU - Gosling, Roly

AU - Haakenstad, Annie

AU - Harvard, Kelly

AU - Hatefi, Arian

AU - Jamison, Dean

AU - Jones, Kate E.

AU - Karema, Corine

AU - Kamwi, Richard Nchabi

AU - Lal, Altaf

AU - Larson, Erika

AU - Lees, Margaret

AU - Lobo, Neil F.

AU - Micah, Angela E.

AU - Moonen, Bruno

AU - Newby, Gretchen

AU - Ning, Xiao

AU - Pate, Muhammad

AU - Quiñones, Martha

AU - Roh, Michelle

AU - Rolfe, Ben

AU - Shanks, Dennis

AU - Singh, Balbir

AU - Staley, Kenneth

AU - Tulloch, James

AU - Wegbreit, Jennifer

AU - Woo, Hyun Ju

AU - Mpanju-Shumbusho, Winnie

N1 - Funding Information: The work of the Commission on Malaria Eradication was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (the Gates Foundation). Commissioners RGAF, PG, and JT received salary support from the grant. BM is an employee of the Gates Foundation (the sponsor of the work). The Commission secretariat was drawn from the faculty and staff of the Malaria Elimination Initiative (MEI) of the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Global Health Group. The MEI receives funding from multiple sources to accelerate malaria elimination and eradication worldwide. Several authors declare competing interests. All authors from the MEI, including IC, RGAF, RG, KH, EL, NFL, GN, MR, JW, and HJW receive funding support from the Gates Foundation, which includes support for the Commission. RGAF directs the Global Health Group at UCSF, which received grants from the Gates Foundation, the Novartis Foundation, the US Government, The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (the Global Fund), Unitaid, and other sources for related work. RGAF was the founding Executive Director of the Global Fund. RGAF also receives fees and other benefits from Gilead Sciences and VitalConnect for unrelated work. CL has received funding from the Gates Foundation and KfW for topics covered in this report. MP received support from the Novartis Foundation and from the Gates Foundation. AD received support from the Wellcome Trust, the Gates Foundation and the Department for International Development for topics covered in this publication. JT received an honorarium as chair of the Global Fund technical evaluation reference group. KEJ has received funding from the World Wide Fund for Nature, a conservation charity dedicated to the protection of biodiversity, including insects. KEJ also serves as a Scientific Advisor and an Honorary Scientific Fellow at the Bat Conservation Trust and the UK Zoological Society of London, UK, organisations devoted conserving biodiversity, including insects. BM serves as the deputy director for malaria at the Gates Foundation, the Co-chairs of which have advocated that eradication is the only equitable goal for malaria. All other authors declare no competing interests. Funding Information: In addition to maintaining current spending, major contributors of development assistance for malaria need to carefully consider how they are allocating their resources. The two main channels of development assistance for malaria, the Global Fund and PMI, both spend most of their funds in the same ten high-burden countries. That this allocation of resources will lead to eradication is uncertain. We propose several actions. First, modelling should determine what pattern of development assistance from all sources is most likely to lead to eradication in the shortest timeframe. Second, these insights should guide a joint investment strategy by the Global Fund and PMI to ensure that all elements that are essential to eradication are supported. In parallel, the crucial investment in innovation and technology development must continue, supported particularly by the Gates Foundation, the US National Institutes of Health, and private industry. Funding Information: We examined development assistance for malaria in 2018 by source and channel. The US Government provides 43% of all development assistance for malaria, followed by the UK Government (14%), the Gates Foundation (13%), and the French Government (3%). Eighty percent of all international malaria funding is channelled through the Global Fund, US Government bilateral programmes, and NGOs, which are in turn largely funded by the US Government. Funding Information: The Commission was supported financially by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (the Gates Foundation). The funding covered the costs of the Commission secretariat, together with travel, accommodation, and meals for the Commission meetings, as well as working group meetings and other consultations. This work benefited from contributions from many individuals. We give special thanks to Commissioner Joseph Dieleman (Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington) and his team, including Abigail Chapin, Catherine Chen, Annie Haakenstad, Anton Connor Harle, Golsum Tsakalos, Angela E Micah, Tianchan Tao, and Bianca Zlavog, who did analyses of malaria eradication financing. We are also grateful to Commissioner Peter Gething (Malaria Atlas Project, University of Oxford) and his team, including Amelia Bertozzi-Villa and Samir Bhatt, who developed the global malaria risk maps. Both sets of analyses were crucial to this report. We are very grateful to colleagues around the globe who shared valuable data, information, and insights. We would like to specifically recognise contributions from Jimee Hwang (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and University of California San Francisco [UCSF]), a Commission member, who provided several thoughtful reviews of our report and gave us critical feedback. We would also like to acknowledge the contributions of Valentina Buj, Stefan Peterson, Mark Young, David Hipgrave, and Kyaw Aung (UNICEF), and Sara Hollis (WHO) who provided content on integrated community case management; David Heymann (London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine) who contributed to the global health security section; Effie Espino (Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network), who provided content on the Philippines' malaria programme; Grant Dorsey (UCSF), and Moses Kamya (Makerere University College of Health Sciences), who provided content on the Uganda case study; Timothy Wells (Medicines for Malaria Venture), who contributed to the medicines section; Jeff Chertack (Gates Foundation) who contributed to the gene drive section; Gonzalo Domingo (PATH) and Scott Miller (Gates Foundation) who contributed to the diagnostics section; Chris Larkin, Sarah Rees, and Mathias Mondy (Innovative Vector Control Consortium) who contributed to the insecticides section; Xavier Ding (Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics), Anthony James (University of California Irvine), Mamadou Coulibaly (Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali) and Abdoulaye Diabate (Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant?/Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso), who contributed to the research and development framework figure; Rose Nani Mudin and Jenarun Bin Jelip (Vector Borne Disease Sector Team, Ministry of Health, Malaysia), who contributed information on the Malaysia's MyFoci system; and Carolyn Smith Hughes (UCSF) who contributed to the gene drive ethics, economics, and finance sections. In addition, the second meeting of Commissioners benefited from the participation of Jeremy Lefroy (UK House of Commons) and James Whiting (Malaria No More UK). We received valuable contributions from colleagues at the UCSF Global Health Group, including Naomi Beyeler, Amanda Chung, Chris Cotter, Kayla Escobar, Sara Fewer, Katie Fox, Aparna Kollipara, Saehee Lee, Alistair Lindawson, Laura Newman, Joseph Njau, Allison Phillips, Sara Rossi, Hugh Sturrock, Allison Tatarsky, and Chris White. These individuals provided valuable input and support throughout the entire process, including facilitating Commission meetings, thought partnership on eradication-related topics, writing inputs, data acquisition and analysis, and reviewing and editing report drafts. In particular, Amanda Chung provided substantial contributions to the programme management section, Katie Fox, Aparna Kollipara, and Joseph Njau provided economics and financing content, and Allison Tatarsky provided important content for the vector and universal health coverage sections. A special thanks goes to Kayla Escobar and Saehee Lee who coordinated the three Commission meetings. The Commission Co-chairs express special thanks to the UCSF Commission Secretariat, comprising Ingrid Chen, Kelly Harvard, Erika Larson, Margaret Lees, Gretchen Newby, Jennifer Wegbreit, and Hyun Ju Woo, without whose tireless work this report would not have been possible. We also thank the six anonymous peer reviewers for their very helpful comments on an earlier draft of the paper.

PY - 2019/9/21

Y1 - 2019/9/21

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85072174683

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85072174683#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31139-0

DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31139-0

M3 - Review article

C2 - 31511196

AN - SCOPUS:85072174683

SN - 0140-6736

VL - 394

SP - 1056

EP - 1112

JO - The Lancet

JF - The Lancet

IS - 10203

ER -